Optimal herdsmen household management modes in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, China
Optimal herdsmen household management modes in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, China
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内蒙古典型草原区最优牧民家庭经营模式
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.205
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发表时间：
2019-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Li Frank Yonghong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Qing;Zhao Yanyun;Li Frank Yonghong
畜牧业系统占全球温室气体排放总量的19%，研究畜牧业系统在不同管理模式下的碳足迹对减少温室气体排放、减缓全球变暖具有重要意义。我们对内蒙古典型草原地区的404户牧民进行了调查，内蒙古是中国牲畜存栏最多的省份。本研究确定了不同的畜牧业管理模式，并分析了它们的碳足迹和碳效率。研究结果表明：(1)按家庭收入来源划分，有小畜养殖为主、大畜养殖为主、小大混养为主、草原副产品为主、草场租赁为主、非畜为主、种养与非畜混合经营等7种经营模式。在内蒙古典型草原地区，以小牲畜养殖为主的经营管理模式占主导地位。(2)在7种经营模式中，养殖业和非畜牧业混合经营的家庭碳足迹最高(7.22 t CO2)，家庭收入最高(208,500元)，草地副产品经营的家庭碳足迹最低(5.07 t CO2)，草场租赁经营的家庭收入最低(71,000元)。(3)基于基尼系数，7种管理模式的家庭碳足迹分布较为均匀(0.26)，但直接碳足迹在各管理模式中的分配差异最大(0.38)。(4)七种经营模式的碳效率差异显著，草地副产品导向经营和小、大牲畜混合养殖经营碳效率排名前两位，草场租赁导向经营碳效率最低。确定草地副产品导向经营和小、大牲畜混合养殖经营是两种最优的经营模式。草场租赁型管理模式虽然表现出较低的家庭碳足迹，但其碳效率也最低，应谨慎采用。
Livestock systems account for 19% of total global greenhouse gas emissions, so it is of great importance to explore their carbon footprint under different management modes for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating global warming. We conducted a survey of 404 herdsmen households in a typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia, the province with the highest number of livestock in China. This study identifies different livestock management modes, and analyzes their carbon footprint and carbon efficiencies. The results show that: (1) according to source of household income, there are seven management modes, including small livestock breeding-oriented, large livestock breeding-oriented, mixed small/large livestock breeding, grassland byproduct-oriented, pasture leasing-oriented, non-livestock-oriented, and mixed with breeding and non-livestock. The dominant management mode in this typical steppe region of Inner Mongolia was small livestock breeding-oriented. (2) Among the seven management modes, mixed with breeding, and non-livestock management, had the highest household carbon footprint (7.22 t CO2), and also the highest household income (208,500 Chinese Yuan), while grassland byproduct-oriented management had the lowest household carbon footprint (5.07 t CO2), and pasture leasing-oriented management had the lowest household income (71,000 Chinese Yuan). (3) Based on the Gini coefficient, the distribution of household carbon footprint among the seven management modes was relatively equal (0.26), but the direct carbon footprint showed the greatest inequality among these management modes (0.38). (4) The seven management modes showed significant differences in carbon efficiency, with grassland byproduct-oriented management, and mixed small/large livestock breeding management, ranked in the top two, while pasture leasing-oriented management had the lowest carbon efficiency. We identified grassland byproduct-oriented management, and mixed small/large livestock breeding management, as the two most optimal management modes. Although the pasture leasing-oriented management mode exhibited a lower household carbon footprint, it also had the lowest carbon efficiency, and so its adoption should be cautious.
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