2A peptides provide distinct solutions to driving stop-carry on translational recoding.

2A peptides provide distinct solutions to driving stop-carry on translational recoding.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkr1176
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发表时间:
2012-04
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Brown JD
Brown JD
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sharma P;Yan F;Doronina VA;Escuin-Ordinas H;Ryan MD;Brown JD

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病毒蛋白的表达通常包括翻译过程中的非规范解码事件(“重新编码”)。‘ 2A ’寡肽驱动一个这样的事件,称为‘停止-继续’重新编码。新生的2A肽与核糖体出口通道相互作用,在2A的最终Pro密码子处决定了一个不寻常的停止密码子独立的翻译终止。随后,翻译在相同的密码子上“重新启动”,两个单独的蛋白质从一个开放的阅读框中生成。许多2A肽已被鉴定,它们具有保守的c端基序。这些肽的n端部分几乎没有相似之处,这可能表明这些氨基酸在2A反应中并不重要。然而,诱变表明,单个2A肽几乎所有位置的氨基酸的同一性对活性很重要。每个2A可以代表一个特定的解决方案,将保守的c端定位在肽基转移酶中心,以促进重新编码。新生2A肽:核糖体相互作用被认为改变核糖体精细结构,以区分脯氨酸- trnapro,并在缺乏停止密码子时促进终止。这种结构修饰可能解释了我们的观察结果,即用任何终止密码子替换2A的最后Pro密码子都可以阻止核糖体的加工并抑制新生链的释放。
Expression of viral proteins frequently includes non-canonical decoding events (‘recoding’) during translation. ‘2A’ oligopeptides drive one such event, termed ‘stop-carry on’ recoding. Nascent 2A peptides interact with the ribosomal exit tunnel to dictate an unusual stop codon-independent termination of translation at the final Pro codon of 2A. Subsequently, translation ‘reinitiates’ on the same codon, two individual proteins being generated from one open reading frame. Many 2A peptides have been identified, and they have a conserved C-terminal motif. Little similarity is present in the N-terminal portions of these peptides, which might suggest that these amino acids are not important in the 2A reaction. However, mutagenesis indicates that identity of the amino acid at nearly all positions of a single 2A peptide is important for activity. Each 2A may then represent a specific solution for positioning the conserved C-terminus within the peptidyl-transferase centre to promote recoding. Nascent 2A peptide:ribosome interactions are suggested to alter ribosomal fine structure to discriminate against prolyl-tRNAPro and promote termination in the absence of a stop codon. Such structural modifications may account for our observation that replacement of the final Pro codon of 2A with any stop codon both stalls ribosome processivity and inhibits nascent chain release.
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