Response of the middle atmosphere to anthropogenic and natural forcings in the CMIP5 simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth system model
Response of the middle atmosphere to anthropogenic and natural forcings in the CMIP5 simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth system model
复制标题
使用马克斯·普朗克研究所地球系统模型进行 CMIP5 模拟时中层大气对人为和自然强迫的响应
DOI：
10.1002/jame.20014
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Tomassini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt;Bunzel;Giorgetta;Krismer;Stenchikov;Timmreck;Tomassini
ECHAM6 大气环流模型是马克斯·普朗克研究所地球系统模型 (MPI-ESM) 的大气组成部分，用于耦合模型比对项目第 5 阶段 (CMIP5) 模拟。由于 ECHAM6 的最上层位于中层上层 0.01 hPa，因此这些模拟提供了在一套非常全面的最先进模型模拟的基础上研究中层大气气候变化及其与对流层关系的机会。本文的目标是 (a) 介绍 ECHAM6 与中层大气特别相关的新功能，包括外部强迫数据，以及 (b) 评估模拟的中层大气并描述对自然和人为强迫的模拟响应。 ECHAM6 相对于 ECHAM5 的新功能包括新的短波辐射方案、独立于总太阳辐照度改变光谱辐照度的选项，以及依赖于纬度的重力波源强度。外强迫数据的描述主要集中在太阳辐照度和臭氧方面。 20 世纪最后几十年 MPI-ESM 模拟的平流层温度趋势与观测结果非常吻合。未来的预测在很大程度上取决于具体情况。在高排放情景RCP8.5下，模拟温度局部比工业化前低20 K以上。太阳变率、火山气溶胶和厄尔尼诺-南方涛动提供的自然强迫响应的许多模拟模式在很大程度上与观测结果一致。
The ECHAM6 atmospheric general circulation model is the atmosphere component of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) that is used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations. As ECHAM6 has its uppermost layer centered at 0.01 hPa in the upper mesosphere, these simulations offer the opportunity to study the middle atmosphere climate change and its relation to the troposphere on the basis of a very comprehensive set of state‐of‐the‐art model simulations. The goals of this paper are (a) to introduce those new features of ECHAM6 particularly relevant for the middle atmosphere, including external forcing data, and (b) to evaluate the simulated middle atmosphere and describe the simulated response to natural and anthropogenic forcings. New features in ECHAM6 with respect to ECHAM5 include a new short‐wave radiation scheme, the option to vary spectral irradiance independent of total solar irradiance, and a latitude‐dependent gravity‐wave source strength. The description of external forcing data focuses on solar irradiance and ozone. Stratospheric temperature trends simulated with the MPI‐ESM for the last decades of the 20th century agree well with observations. The future projections depend strongly on the scenario. Under the high emission scenario RCP8.5, simulated temperatures are locally lower by more than 20 K than preindustrial values. Many of the simulated patterns of the responses to natural forcings as provided by solar variability, volcanic aerosols, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation, largely agree with the observations.
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影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Frame, Thomas H. A.;Gray, Lesley J.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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