Understanding maternal smoking during pregnancy: does residential context matter?
Understanding maternal smoking during pregnancy: does residential context matter?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.027
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Yang, Tse-Chuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shoff, Carla;Yang, Tse-Chuan
本文的目的是调查个体特征之外的因素是否与母亲怀孕期间吸烟有关。研究发现，社会资本对健康行为既有负面影响，也有正面影响，本研究试图了解其与母亲怀孕期间吸烟的关系。具体来说，调查了县级社会资本和农村地区与母亲怀孕期间吸烟之间的关系。在这项研究中，使用了普特曼对社会资本的定义（例如，个人之间的联系——社交网络以及由此产生的互惠和信任规范）。乡村的生态维度用于定义乡村，即与非乡村地区相比，乡村地区人口规模较小且人口密度较低。我们利用 2007 年美国所有生育妇女的数据，实施了一系列多级逻辑回归模型。结果表明，社会资本与母亲怀孕期间吸烟显着相关。具体来说，一个县的社会资本越高，女性在怀孕期间吸烟的可能性就越高。然而，在农村县，较高的社会资本与女性在怀孕期间吸烟的几率降低相关。研究发现，社会资本指数每增加一个单位，农村妇女怀孕期间吸烟的风险就会降低 11%。结果还表明，妇女居住县社会经济地位的改善降低了孕产妇怀孕期间吸烟的风险。由于这项研究发现，个人特征之外的因素对于降低女性怀孕期间吸烟的风险很重要，因此在制定干预孕产妇怀孕期间吸烟的政策时应考虑到县的特点。
The goal of this paper was to investigate whether or not the factors beyond individual characteristics were associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Social capital has been found to have both negative and positive implications for health behaviors, and this study attempted to understand its association with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Specifically, the association between county-level social capital and rurality and maternal smoking during pregnancy was investigated. In this study, Putman’s definition of social capital was used (e.g., connections among individuals—social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them). The ecological dimension of rurality was used to define rurality, where rural areas are smaller in population size and are less densely populated when compared to non-rural areas. Using data for all women who gave birth during the year 2007 in the United States, we implemented a series of multilevel logistic regression models. The results showed that social capital was significantly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy. Specifically, higher social capital in a county was associated with higher odds that women will smoke during their pregnancy. However, in rural counties, higher social capital was associated with a decrease in the odds that a woman will smoke during her pregnancy. A one unit increase in the social capital index was found to reduce the risk of smoking during pregnancy among those women living in rural counties by 11 percent. The results also showed that improvement of the socioeconomic status of the counties in which women live reduced the risk of maternal smoking during pregnancy. As this study found that factors beyond individual characteristics are important for reducing the risk that women will smoke during pregnancy, county characteristics should be taken into account when developing policies focused on intervening maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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