An Explicit Strategy to Scaffold Novice Program Tracing

An Explicit Strategy to Scaffold Novice Program Tracing
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支架新手程序跟踪的显式策略

DOI:
10.1145/3159450.3159527
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ko, Andrew J.
Ko, Andrew J.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xie, Benjamin;Nelson, Greg L.;Ko, Andrew J.

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我们提出并评估了一种用于跟踪代码的轻量级策略,该策略可以有效地教授新手程序员,以跟踪时“绘制草图”的最新发现为基础。该策略通过鼓励逐行跟踪并提供记忆的外部表示供他们更新,帮助新手应用他们正在学习的句法和语义知识。为了评估教授这一策略的效果,我们对 24 名参加大学级 CS1 课程的新手进行了分组随机实验。我们只花了 5-10 分钟将该策略引入实验条件。然后,我们要求这两个条件进行有声思考,因为它们预测了短程序的输出。使用该策略的学生在使用该研究的追踪问题上的平均得分比对照组学生高 15% (p<0.05)。对出声思考和访谈数据的定性分析表明,系统性追踪(逐行和“勾画”中间值)可以带来更好的绩效,并且该策略支撑并鼓励系统性追踪。学习该策略的学生在期中课程中的平均成绩也提高了 7%。这些发现表明,在不到 1 小时的时间内,并且无需基于计算机的工具,我们可以通过明确教授策略来提高 CS1 学生的追踪能力。
We propose and evaluate a lightweight strategy for tracing code that can be efficiently taught to novice programmers, building off of recent findings on "sketching" when tracing. This strategy helps novices apply the syntactic and semantic knowledge they are learning by encouraging line-by-line tracing and providing an external representation of memory for them to update. To evaluate the effect of teaching this strategy, we conducted a block-randomized experiment with 24 novices enrolled in a university-level CS1 course. We spent only 5-10 minutes introducing the strategy to the experimental condition. We then asked both conditions to think-aloud as they predicted the output of short programs. Students using this strategy scored on average 15% higher than students in the control group for the tracing problems used the study (p<0.05). Qualitative analysis of think-aloud and interview data showed that tracing systematically (line-by-line and "sketching" intermediate values) led to better performance and that the strategy scaffolded and encouraged systematic tracing. Students who learned the strategy also scored on average 7% higher on the course midterm. These findings suggest that in <1 hour and without computer-based tools, we can improve CS1 students' tracing abilities by explicitly teaching a strategy.
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