Structural basis of the substrate recognition and inhibition mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum nucleoside transporter PfENT1.

Structural basis of the substrate recognition and inhibition mechanism of Plasmodium falciparum nucleoside transporter PfENT1.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-023-37411-1
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发表时间:
2023-03-28
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Deng, Dong
Deng, Dong
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang, Chen;Yu, Leiye;Zhang, Jiying;Zhou, Yanxia;Sun, Bo;Xiao, Qingjie;Zhang, Minhua;Liu, Huayi;Li, Jinhong;Li, Jialu;Luo, Yunzi;Xu, Jie;Lian, Zhong;Lin, Jingwen;Wang, Xiang;Zhang, Peng;Guo, Li;Ren, Ruobing;Deng, Dong

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由于缺乏从头嘌呤生物合成酶,恶性疟原虫需要从宿主细胞摄取嘌呤核苷。恶性疟原虫不可或缺的核苷转运蛋白 ENT1 促进无性血液阶段的核苷摄取。 PfENT1 的特异性抑制剂在亚微摩尔浓度下可防止恶性疟原虫的增殖。然而,PfENT1的底物识别和抑制机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们报告了 PfENT1 在 apo、肌苷结合和抑制剂结合状态下的冷冻电镜结构。结合体外结合和摄取测定,我们确定肌苷是 PfENT1 的主要底物,并且肌苷结合位点位于 PfENT1 的中央腔。内面抑制剂GSK4占据PfENT1的正构位点并探索变构位点以阻断PfENT1的构象变化。此外,我们提出了一种用于耳鼻喉科转运器的通用“摇杆开关”交替访问周期。了解PfENT1的底物识别和抑制机制将极大地促进未来抗疟药物的合理设计。 PfENT1 是一个有前途的抗疟药物靶点。在这里,作者报告了 PfENT1 的冷冻电镜结构,结合生化工作,表明 PfENT1 是一种肌苷转运蛋白,并描述了面内抑制剂 GSK4 的抑制机制。
By lacking de novo purine biosynthesis enzymes, Plasmodium falciparum requires purine nucleoside uptake from host cells. The indispensable nucleoside transporter ENT1 of P. falciparum facilitates nucleoside uptake in the asexual blood stage. Specific inhibitors of PfENT1 prevent the proliferation of P. falciparum at submicromolar concentrations. However, the substrate recognition and inhibitory mechanism of PfENT1 are still elusive. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of PfENT1 in apo, inosine-bound, and inhibitor-bound states. Together with in vitro binding and uptake assays, we identify that inosine is the primary substrate of PfENT1 and that the inosine-binding site is located in the central cavity of PfENT1. The endofacial inhibitor GSK4 occupies the orthosteric site of PfENT1 and explores the allosteric site to block the conformational change of PfENT1. Furthermore, we propose a general “rocker switch” alternating access cycle for ENT transporters. Understanding the substrate recognition and inhibitory mechanisms of PfENT1 will greatly facilitate future efforts in the rational design of antimalarial drugs. PfENT1 is a promising antimalarial drug target. Here, authors report cryo-EM structures of PfENT1 that, together with biochemical work, suggests PfENT1 is an inosine transporter and describe the inhibitory mechanism of the endofacial inhibitor, GSK4.
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