Genetic structure and diversity identify incipient domestication of Piquiá [Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) pers.] along the lower Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazonia

Genetic structure and diversity identify incipient domestication of Piquiá [Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) pers.] along the lower Tapajós River, Brazilian Amazonia
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遗传结构和多样性确定了 Piquiá [Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) pers.] 沿着巴西亚马逊流域塔帕伊斯河下游的早期驯化

DOI:
10.1007/s10722-020-01078-0
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2
通讯作者:
Francisconi A
Francisconi A
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Francisconi A

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亚马逊流域至少有 85 种具有驯化种群的树栖物种,其中 piquiá [Caryocar villosum(Aubl.) Pers.] 分布广泛。在一些地区,有民族植物学证据表明其果实已被驯化。为了更多地了解 piquiá 驯化,我们评估了两个地区的遗传多样性和结构,使用 7 个微卫星标记对森林和家庭花园中的 130 棵树进行了采样(塔帕若斯国家森林中的 92 棵树和里奥欧鲁普雷图采掘保护区中的 38 棵树)进行了采样。在塔帕若斯,皮基亚树在考古遗址附近形成大型树丛,而在欧鲁普雷图,树丛较小。 Tapajós 表现出较高的有效等位基因数量、等位基因丰富度和预期杂合度,观察到的杂合度较低,因此具有较高的固定指数和较低的表观异交率。各地区之间存在遗传结构,形成四个可能的群体:其中一个主要对应于欧鲁普雷图,其他则对应于塔帕若斯地区。当对塔帕若人进行单独分析时,我们发现了四个与家庭花园和森林系统不对应的遗传群体。在家庭花园中,我们发现有效等位基因的数量、等位基因丰富度和观察到的杂合性较低。家庭花园和森林树木之间遗传多样性的这些微妙差异表明了皮基亚的早期驯化,这与民族植物学证据一致。皮基亚 (piquiá) 位于考古遗址附近,四个遗传群体的存在表明皮基亚 (piquiá) 在哥伦布发现美洲之前的时期至少从三个不同的来源引入到塔帕若 (Tapajós) 地区。试验注册号:SisBio—58609-1,2017年8月5日起; SisGen—A3D06AA,2020 年 3 月 26 日起。
In Amazonia there are at least 85 arboreal species with domesticated populations, among which piquiá [Caryocar villosum(Aubl.) Pers.] is widely distributed. In some regions, there is ethnobotanical evidence of domestication for its fruit. To understand more about piquiá domestication, we evaluated genetic diversity and structure of two regions, sampling 130 trees in forests and homegardens (92 trees in the Tapajós National Forest and 38 in the Rio Ouro Preto Extractive Reserve), using seven microsatellite markers. In Tapajós, piquiá trees form large aggregations near archaeological sites, while in Ouro Preto the aggregations are smaller. The Tapajós presented higher effective number of alleles, allelic richness and expected heterozygosity, with lower observed heterozygosity and, consequently, a higher fixation index and lower apparent outcrossing rate. Genetic structure exists between regions, forming four probable groups: one that corresponds mainly to Ouro Preto and the others in the Tapajós. When the Tapajós was analyzed separately, we found four genetic groups that do not correspond to homegarden and forest systems. In the homegardens we found lower number of effective alleles, allelic richness and observed heterozygosity. These subtle differences in genetic diversity between homegarden and forest trees identify piquiá’s incipient domestication, agreeing with ethnobotanical evidence. The piquiá stands near archaeological sites and the existence of four genetic groups suggest that piquiá was introduced into the Tapajós during pre-Columbian times from at least three different sources. Trail registration numbers: SisBio—58609-1, from August 5, 2017; SisGen—A3D06AA, from March 26, 2020.
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