Income level, gender, ethnicity, and household composition as predictors of children's school-based competence.
Income level, gender, ethnicity, and household composition as predictors of children's school-based competence.
复制标题
收入水平、性别、种族和家庭构成是儿童在校能力的预测因素。
作者：
C. Patterson;J. Kupersmidt;Nancy A. Vaden
在美国，黑人、男性或在低收入和/或单亲家庭中长大都被认为是儿童时期适应不良的危险因素。然而，由于这些变量之间众所周知的关联，对这些发现的解释通常很困难。在本研究中，我们比较了这 4 个变量对 3 种不同形式的儿童能力的预测。我们以来自双亲和以母亲为家长的单亲家庭的 868 名黑人和白人小学生为样本，研究了学校能力的 3 个方面：行为、同伴关系和学业成绩。结果表明，尽管自变量在每个能力领域造成了不同程度的方差，但收入水平和性别比种族或家庭构成更能总体预测儿童行为和同伴关系的能力。与性别或家庭构成相比，收入水平和种族是学业成绩更好的整体预测因素，尽管这 4 个变量中的每一个都做出了显着的贡献。总体而言，收入水平和性别是儿童能力的最强预测因素。然而，黑人儿童比白人儿童更有可能生活在低收入家庭中。因此，我们的研究结果凸显了当今美国成长的黑人和白人儿童经济资源分配不平等的一些相关性。
In the United States, being black, male, or growing up in a low-income and/or single-parent household have all been identified as risk factors for maladjustment during childhood. Interpretation of these findings is, however, often difficult because of the well-known associations among these variables. In the present study, we compared predictions of 3 different forms of children's competence from each of these 4 variables. In a sample of 868 black and white elementary school children from 2-parent and mother-headed 1-parent homes, we studied 3 aspects of school-based competence: conduct, peer relations, and academic achievement. Results showed that although the independent variables accounted for different amounts of variance in each domain of competence, income level and gender were better overall predictors of children's competence in conduct and peer relations than were ethnicity or household composition. Income level and ethnicity were better overall predictors of academic achievement than were gender or household composition, although each of the 4 variables made a significant contribution. Overall, income level and gender were thus the strongest predictors of children's competence. Black children were, however, more likely than white children to live in low-income homes. Our results thus highlighted some correlates of the unequal distribution of economic resources among black and white children growing up in the United States today.
反社会男孩的表现模型。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.41.4.432
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Patterson,GR
通讯作者：
Patterson,GR