Seasonal resource pulses and the foraging depth of a Southern Ocean top predator.
Seasonal resource pulses and the foraging depth of a Southern Ocean top predator.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2020.2817
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发表时间：
2021-03-31
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Burns JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beltran RS;Kilpatrick AM;Breed GA;Adachi T;Takahashi A;Naito Y;Robinson PW;Smith WO Jr;Kirkham AL;Burns JM
季节性资源脉冲可能会对物种间的相互作用产生巨大影响。在海洋生态系统中，呼吸空气的捕食者经常将猎物驱赶到更深的水域。然而，尚不清楚短暂的资源脉冲(如近地表浮游植物水华)如何改变消费者在避免捕食和资源可获得性之间的垂直权衡，以及这些变化如何级联到顶级捕食者的潜水行为。我们综合了关于韦德尔海豹潜水行为、食物稳定同位素、摄食成功和质量增加的数据，以检查在整个冰爆过程中垂直觅食的变化以及由此导致的浮游植物每年的水华。我们还根据海冰爆发的物候和海豹群落150公里内几个地点的平流率，测试了关于浮游植物水华起源(平流或在海豹觅食的地方就地产生)的可能位置的假设。在初夏，海豹在更深的海底觅食，导致摄食率和质量增加较低。随着整个夏季海冰面积的减少，海豹在较浅的深度觅食，并受益于更有效的能量摄入。潜水深度的变化不是由于海豹食物的季节性变化或水平空间使用，而是反映了猎物垂直分布的变化。海豹变浅的时间和资源脉冲之间的对应关系每年都是不同的，不能很容易地用我们对海洋和冰川动力学的现有理解来解释。浮游植物的平流发生得比破冰快，海豹潜水变浅比局部破冰发生得早得多。虽然关于海洋生态系统仍有许多需要了解的地方，但似乎通过资源脉冲期间较浅的分布增加了猎物的丰度和可及性，可能会使这个高纬度生态系统中不同营养级别的生活史物候保持同步。
Seasonal resource pulses can have enormous impacts on species interactions. In marine ecosystems, air-breathing predators often drive their prey to deeper waters. However, it is unclear how ephemeral resource pulses such as near-surface phytoplankton blooms alter the vertical trade-off between predation avoidance and resource availability in consumers, and how these changes cascade to the diving behaviour of top predators. We integrated data on Weddell seal diving behaviour, diet stable isotopes, feeding success and mass gain to examine shifts in vertical foraging throughout ice break-out and the resulting phytoplankton bloom each year. We also tested hypotheses about the likely location of phytoplankton bloom origination (advected or produced in situ where seals foraged) based on sea ice break-out phenology and advection rates from several locations within 150 km of the seal colony. In early summer, seals foraged at deeper depths resulting in lower feeding rates and mass gain. As sea ice extent decreased throughout the summer, seals foraged at shallower depths and benefited from more efficient energy intake. Changes in diving depth were not due to seasonal shifts in seal diets or horizontal space use and instead may reflect a change in the vertical distribution of prey. Correspondence between the timing of seal shallowing and the resource pulse was variable from year to year and could not be readily explained by our existing understanding of the ocean and ice dynamics. Phytoplankton advection occurred faster than ice break-out, and seal dive shallowing occurred substantially earlier than local break-out. While there remains much to be learned about the marine ecosystem, it appears that an increase in prey abundance and accessibility via shallower distributions during the resource pulse could synchronize life-history phenology across trophic levels in this high-latitude ecosystem.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.005
发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cisewski, Boris;Strass, Volker H.;Kraegefsky, Soeren
通讯作者：
Kraegefsky, Soeren
DOI：
10.1139/cjz-77-5-737
发表时间：
1999-05-01
期刊：
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Burns, JM
通讯作者：
Burns, JM
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Estes, JA;Tinker, MT;Doak, DF
通讯作者：
Doak, DF
DOI：
10.1016/0305-0491(88)90285-4
发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
CLARKE, A
通讯作者：
CLARKE, A
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
CROXALL, JP;EVERSON, I;DAVIS, RW
通讯作者：
DAVIS, RW