Is Living Alone "Aging Alone"? Solitary Living, Network Types, and Well-Being.
Is Living Alone "Aging Alone"? Solitary Living, Network Types, and Well-Being.
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gby119
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发表时间：
2019-10-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fokkema T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Djundeva M;Dykstra PA;Fokkema T
在确定老年人谁可能是在没有必要的支持的风险，政策制定者和学者往往侧重于那些独居，忽视了群体内的差异。我们研究了他们的社交网络如何有助于主观幸福感，为什么他们中的一些人表现更好，并将他们的幸福感与与其他老年人一起居住。数据来自欧洲健康和退休调查的第四波（N = 53，383）。独居老人（N = 10,047）的网络类型学构建使用潜在类分析。使用普通最小二乘（OLS）回归，我们检查了网络类型的主观幸福感（生活满意度，社交网络满意度，抑郁）的差异，增加了与他人共同居住的成年人（N = 43，336）作为对照组。我们在独居的老年人中发现了四种社交网络类型。东欧和南欧国家建立“限制性”和“基于儿童”的网络的可能性较大，而西欧和北方国家建立“面向朋友”的网络的可能性较大。纵观各国，只有那些拥有“受限”网络的人往往福利最差。那些拥有“多样化”网络的人甚至比与之共处的老年人更幸福。我们的研究表明了在独居老年人群体中进行区分的重要性。大多数人（三分之二）并不脆弱，也没有风险，但与与其他人共处的同龄人相比，他们的情况一样好，甚至更好。国家一级的因素决定了建立令人满意的网络的机会，但主观幸福感在很大程度上取决于个人资源，包括社交网络，而不是国家一级的因素。
When identifying older adults who may be at risk of being without necessary supports, policy makers and scholars tend to focus on those living alone, neglecting differences within that group. We examine how their social networks contribute to subjective well-being, why some of them fare better and compare their well-being to older adults coresiding with others. Data are from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (N = 53,383). A network typology for older people living alone (N = 10,047) is constructed using a latent class analysis. Using ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, we examined differences in subjective well-being (life satisfaction, satisfaction with social network, depression) by network type, adding adults coresiding with others (N = 43,336) as comparison group. We find four social network types among older adults living alone. The likelihood of having “restricted” and “child-based” networks is greater in Eastern and Southern European countries, whereas the likelihood of having “friend-oriented” networks is greater in Western and Northern European countries. Across countries, only those with “restricted” networks tend to have the poorest well-being. Those with “diverse” networks have even better well-being than coresiding older adults. Our study shows the importance of drawing distinctions within the group of older adults living alone. Most (two thirds) are not vulnerable and at risk, but fare just as well or even better than peers who coreside with others. Country-level factors shape the opportunities to build satisfactory networks, but subjective well-being depends more strongly on individual resources, including social networks, than country-level factors.
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