Rehabilitation in the Punitive Era: The Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in U.S. Prison Programs.

Rehabilitation in the Punitive Era: The Gap between Rhetoric and Reality in U.S. Prison Programs.
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惩罚时代的改造:美国监狱计划中言辞与现实之间的差距。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00427.x
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Phelps,MichelleS
Phelps,MichelleS
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Phelps,MichelleS

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研究大规模监禁的学者指出,20世纪70年代是美国刑法史上的一个关键转折点,其标志是向更具惩罚性的政策转变,以及在改造囚犯方面“没有任何办法”的共识。然而,尽管对政策制定者的言论、量刑政策和监禁率的变化进行了广泛的研究,但学者们对惩罚和囚犯改造的实际做法的变化知之甚少。本文使用美国州立监狱的全国代表性数据表明,在20世纪70年代末和80年代,在专门设施的投资,囚犯服务相关人员的资金或计划参与率方面没有重大变化。直到20世纪90年代,也就是惩罚时代开始十多年后,囚犯服务的模式才发生变化,因为对编程的投资从学术转向与重返社会相关的项目。这些调查结果表明,在囚犯服务方面,言论和现实之间存在很大差距,自1990年代以来,囚犯“康复”越来越等同于与重返社会有关的生活技能方案。
Scholars of mass incarceration point to the 1970s as a pivotal turning point in U.S. penal history, marked by a shift toward more punitive policies and a consensus that “nothing works” in rehabilitating inmates. However, while there has been extensive research on changes in policy makers' rhetoric, sentencing policy, and incarceration rates, scholars know very little about changes in the actual practices of punishment and prisoner rehabilitation. Using nationally representative data for U.S. state prisons, this article demonstrates that there were no major changes in investments in specialized facilities, funding for inmate services–related staff, or program participation rates throughout the late 1970s and the 1980s. Not until the 1990s, more than a decade after the start of the punitive era, did patterns of inmate services change, as investments in programming switched from academic to reentry-related programs. These findings suggest that there is a large gap between rhetoric and reality in the case of inmate services and that since the 1990s, inmate “rehabilitation” has increasingly become equated with reentry-related life skills programs.
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