Three-dimensional visualization as a tool for interpreting locomotion strategies in ophiuroids from the Devonian Hunsrück Slate.
Three-dimensional visualization as a tool for interpreting locomotion strategies in ophiuroids from the Devonian Hunsrück Slate.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsos.201380
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Briggs DEG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clark EG;Hutchinson JR;Briggs DEG
活着的脆星(棘皮目：蛇夫座总科)采用了与任何其他后生动物截然不同的运动策略：五只或更多的手臂协调有力的步伐，以便在海底快速移动。这种运动模式依赖于多方面骨骼元素及其相关肌肉和其他软组织的独特形态和排列。许多古生代蛇形目动物的骨骼与生活形态明显不同，这使得推断它们的运动方式变得困难，从而解决了该群的运动演化史。在这里，我们提供了来自下泥盆统Hunsrück板岩的6个蛇绿体分类群标本的三维数字效果图：其中4个显示了古生代分类群典型的手臂结构(Encrinaster romeri，Euzonosoma tischbeinianum，Loriolaster mirabilis，Cheiropteraster Giganteus)，以及2个(Furcaster olaeosicus，Ophiurina lymani)，其形态更接近于活体。据我们所知，三维数字可视化的使用使这些分类群标本臂的结构第一次能够在原地可视化。缺乏肌肉骨骼驱动的运动所必需的关节界面支持这样一种解释，即具有偏置救护车的类群将不能进行这种形式的运动，可能使用足步行。这一方法有望为古生代脆星的系统发展、功能形态和生态作用提供新的见解。
Living brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) employ a very different locomotion strategy to that of any other metazoan: five or more arms coordinate powerful strides for rapid movement across the ocean floor. This mode of locomotion is reliant on the unique morphology and arrangement of multifaceted skeletal elements and associated muscles and other soft tissues. The skeleton of many Palaeozoic ophiuroids differs markedly from that in living forms, making it difficult to infer their mode of locomotion and, therefore, to resolve the evolutionary history of locomotion in the group. Here, we present three-dimensional digital renderings of specimens of six ophiuroid taxa from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate: four displaying the arm structure typical of Palaeozoic taxa (Encrinaster roemeri, Euzonosoma tischbeinianum, Loriolaster mirabilis, Cheiropteraster giganteus) and two (Furcaster palaeozoicus, Ophiurina lymani) with morphologies more similar to those in living forms. The use of three-dimensional digital visualization allows the structure of the arms of specimens of these taxa to be visualized in situ in the round, to our knowledge for the first time. The lack of joint interfaces necessary for musculoskeletally-driven locomotion supports the interpretation that taxa with offset ambulacrals would not be able to conduct this form of locomotion, and probably used podial walking. This approach promises new insights into the phylogeny, functional morphology and ecological role of Palaeozoic brittle stars.
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