Instantaneous and cumulative influences of competition on impulsive choices in domestic chicks.
Instantaneous and cumulative influences of competition on impulsive choices in domestic chicks.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2011.00101
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Matsushima T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amita H;Matsushima T
本研究探讨了竞争性互动对雏鸡跨期选择冲动性的瞬时和累积效应。小鸡被训练啄食彩色珠子以获得延迟食物奖励（延迟0到4.5秒后提供1或6粒小米），并在小-短延迟选项（SS）和大-长延迟选项（LL）之间进行二元选择测试。为了研究竞争性觅食是否会瞬间改变冲动，我们在不同的环境中，一个有竞争对手，另一个没有竞争对手的两个连续测试之间进行了个体内比较。我们发现：（1）选择LL的次数不受测试中竞争的影响，但（2）操作性啄食潜伏期因竞争而缩短，这表明社会增强了对食物的激励。为了进一步检查持续的变化，根据“行为滴定”程序，连续训练两组小鸡，每天进行测试，持续2周，一组有竞争对手，另一组没有。选择的组间比较显示：（3）选择冲动性沿着发育逐渐降低，而（4）在竞争中训练的雏鸡保持较高的冲动性水平。这些结果表明，竞争性觅食导致冲动的选择，而不是直接/上下文修改。激励的瞬时增强和对冲动的逐渐影响之间的因果关系仍有待研究。一些（但未指明的）因素可能间接参与。
This study examined instantaneous and cumulative effects of competitive interactions on impulsiveness in the inter-temporal choices in domestic chicks. Chicks were trained to peck colored beads to gain delayed food rewards (1 or 6 grains of millet delivered after a delay ranging between 0 and 4.5 s), and were tested in binary choices between a small–short delay option (SS) and a large–long delay alternative (LL). To examine whether competitive foraging instantaneously changes impulsiveness, we intraindividually compared choices between two consecutive tests in different contexts, one with competitors and another without. We found that (1) the number of the choice of LL was not influenced by competition in the tests, but (2) the operant peck latency was shortened by competition, suggesting a socially enhanced incentive for food. To further examine the lasting changes, two groups of chicks were consecutively trained and tested daily for 2 weeks according to a “behavioral titration” procedure, one with competitors and another without. Inter-group comparisons of the choices revealed that (3) choice impulsiveness gradually decreased along development, while (4) the chicks trained in competition maintained a higher level of impulsiveness. These results suggest that competitive foraging causes impulsive choices not by direct/contextual modification. Causal link between the instantaneous enhancement of incentive and the gradual effects on impulsiveness remains to be examined. Some (yet unspecified) factors may be indirectly involved.
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