Human atlastin-3 is a constitutive ER membrane fusion catalyst.

Human atlastin-3 is a constitutive ER membrane fusion catalyst.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.202211021
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发表时间:
2023-07-03
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
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其他
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Bryce等人的研究表明,人atlastin-3是一种强大的膜融合催化剂,可维持细胞内内质网结构。然而,与atlastin-1/2不同,atlastin-3不是c端自抑制的。这表明atlastin-3是一种独特的构型内质网融合催化剂。由atlastin (ATL) GTPase催化的同型膜融合维持了后生动物的分支内质网(ER)网络。我们最近发现,人类ATL的三个类似物中有两个(ATL1/2)是c端自抑制的,这意味着自抑制的缓解将是ATL融合机制不可或缺的一部分。另一种假设是,第三个平行的ATL3促进本构性内质网融合,并有条件地缓解ATL1/2的自抑制作用。然而,已发表的研究表明,ATL3充其量是一种弱的融合原。与预期相反,我们在这里证明纯化的人ATL3在体外催化高效的膜融合,足以维持三重敲除细胞中的内质网。引人注目的是,ATL3缺乏任何可检测到的c端自抑制,就像无脊椎动物果蝇的ATL同源物一样。ATL c末端的系统发育分析表明,c末端的自抑制是最近的进化创新。我们认为ATL3是一种组成性内质网融合催化剂,并且ATL1/2的自抑制可能在脊椎动物中进化为一种根据需要上调内质网融合活性的手段。
Bryce et al. show that human atlastin-3 is a robust membrane fusion catalyst that maintains ER network structure in cells. However, unlike atlastin-1/2, atlastin-3 is not C-terminally autoinhibited. This suggests that atlastin-3 is uniquely a constitutive ER fusion catalyst. Homotypic membrane fusion catalyzed by the atlastin (ATL) GTPase sustains the branched endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network in metazoans. Our recent discovery that two of the three human ATL paralogs (ATL1/2) are C-terminally autoinhibited implied that relief of autoinhibition would be integral to the ATL fusion mechanism. An alternative hypothesis is that the third paralog ATL3 promotes constitutive ER fusion with relief of ATL1/2 autoinhibition used conditionally. However, published studies suggest ATL3 is a weak fusogen at best. Contrary to expectations, we demonstrate here that purified human ATL3 catalyzes efficient membrane fusion in vitro and is sufficient to sustain the ER network in triple knockout cells. Strikingly, ATL3 lacks any detectable C-terminal autoinhibition, like the invertebrate Drosophila ATL ortholog. Phylogenetic analysis of ATL C-termini indicates that C-terminal autoinhibition is a recent evolutionary innovation. We suggest that ATL3 is a constitutive ER fusion catalyst and that ATL1/2 autoinhibition likely evolved in vertebrates as a means of upregulating ER fusion activity on demand.
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