The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer.
The tumor microenvironment in esophageal cancer.
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食管癌是一种致命的疾病，死亡率在所有癌症中排名第六。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进展，但食管癌的预后仍然很差，因此仍然需要阐明这种疾病的分子机制。越来越多的证据表明，全面了解食管癌的分子组成不仅需要关注肿瘤细胞，还需要关注肿瘤微环境，其中包含与肿瘤细胞相互作用并支持肿瘤发生所有阶段的不同细胞群，信号传导因子和结构分子。在食管癌中，环境暴露可引发慢性炎症，这导致促炎信号通路的组成性激活，从而促进存活和增殖。抗肿瘤免疫被细胞群如髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）和调节性T细胞（TCFs）以及免疫检查点如程序性死亡-1（PD-1）减弱。其他免疫细胞如肿瘤相关巨噬细胞可具有其他促肿瘤发生功能，包括诱导血管生成和肿瘤细胞侵袭。癌症相关的成纤维细胞分泌生长因子并改变细胞外基质（ECM）以产生肿瘤小生境并增强肿瘤细胞迁移和转移。进一步研究这些TME组分如何与每种食管癌亚型中肿瘤进展的不同阶段相关，将导致开发新的和特异性的TME靶向治疗策略，特别是在联合治疗的背景下，这些策略具有相当大的潜力。
Esophageal cancer is a deadly disease, ranking sixth among all cancers in mortality. Despite incremental advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, esophageal cancer still carries a poor prognosis, and thus there remains a need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. There is accumulating evidence that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition of esophageal cancer requires attention to not only tumor cells but also the tumor microenvironment, which contains diverse cell populations, signaling factors, and structural molecules that interact with tumor cells and support all stages of tumorigenesis. In esophageal cancer, environmental exposures can trigger chronic inflammation, which leads to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways that promote survival and proliferation. Anti-tumor immunity is attenuated by cell populations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as immune checkpoints like programmed death-1 (PD-1). Other immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages can have other pro-tumorigenic functions, including the induction of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts secrete growth factors and alter the extracellular matrix (ECM) to create a tumor niche and enhance tumor cell migration and metastasis. Further study of how these TME components relate to the different stages of tumor progression in each esophageal cancer subtype will lead to development of novel and specific TME-targeting therapeutic strategies, which offer considerable potential especially in the setting of combination therapy.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Chen MF;Kuan FC;Yen TC;Lu MS;Lin PY;Chung YH;Chen WC;Lee KD
通讯作者：
Lee KD
影响因子：
32.4
作者：
Chalmin, Fanny;Mignot, Gregoire;Ghiringhelli, Francois
通讯作者：
Ghiringhelli, Francois
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Akutsu, Yasunori;Hanari, Naoyuki;Matsubara, Hisahiro
通讯作者：
Matsubara, Hisahiro
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.001
发表时间：
2015-03-06
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Bao, Ci-Hang;Wang, Xin-Tong;Cheng, Yu-Feng
通讯作者：
Cheng, Yu-Feng
影响因子：
37.3
作者：
Chen MF;Chen PT;Lu MS;Lin PY;Chen WC;Lee KD
通讯作者：
Lee KD