Biocompatible reference electrodes to enhance chronic electrochemical signal fidelity in vivo.
Biocompatible reference electrodes to enhance chronic electrochemical signal fidelity in vivo.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00216-021-03640-w
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Heien ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seaton BT;Heien ML
体内电化学是神经科学的重要工具，可以检测，鉴定和定量神经递质，其代谢物和其他重要分析物。体内电化学的一个重要目标是更好地理解进行性神经障碍（例如，帕金森氏病）。只有通过急性（即，分钟到小时）和慢性（即，几天或更长时间）的实验。慢性研究更具挑战性，因为它们需要长时间植入电极，这会激发免疫反应，导致电极的神经胶质包封和电极性能改变（即，生物结垢）。生物结垢导致电极阻抗和参比电极极化增加，这两者都降低了体内电化学测量的选择性和灵敏度。先前已通过使用对电极成功缓解了增加的阻抗因子，但参比电极极化的挑战仍然存在。常用的Ag/AgCl参比电极缺乏长期测量所需的体内长期电位稳定性。此外，Ag/AgCl的细胞毒性对动物实验产生不利影响，并禁止植入人体，阻碍了转化研究的进展。因此，有必要转向具有优异的慢性电位稳定性的生物相容性参考电极。介绍了氧化铱和掺硼金刚石这两种合格材料的电化学性能、生物相容性、制备方法和应用。在动物模型和人类中，体内电化学继续朝着更长期的实验发展，需要利用生物相容性参比电极，当与用于阻抗缓解的对电极一起使用时，该参比电极应提供上级电位稳定性并允许前所未有的长期信号保真度。
In vivo electrochemistry is a vital tool of neuroscience that allows for the detection, identification, and quantification of neurotransmitters, their metabolites, and other important analytes. One important goal of in vivo electrochemistry is a better understanding of progressive neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson’s disease). A complete understanding of such disorders can only be achieved through a combination of acute (i.e., minutes to hours) and chronic (i.e., days or longer) experimentation. Chronic studies are more challenging because they require prolonged implantation of electrodes, which elicits an immune response, leading to glial encapsulation of the electrodes and altered electrode performance (i.e., biofouling). Biofouling leads to increased electrode impedance and reference electrode polarization, both of which diminish the selectivity and sensitivity of in vivo electrochemical measurements. The increased impedance factor has been successfully mitigated previously with the use of a counter electrode, but the challenge of reference electrode polarization remains. The commonly used Ag/AgCl reference electrode lacks the long-term potential stability in vivo required for chronic measurements. In addition, the cytotoxicity of Ag/AgCl adversely affects animal experimentation and prohibits implantation in humans, hindering translational research progress. Thus, a move toward biocompatible reference electrodes with superior chronic potential stability is necessary. Two qualifying materials, iridium oxide and boron-doped diamond, are introduced and discussed in terms of their electrochemical properties, biocompatibilities, fabrication methods, and applications. In vivo electrochemistry continues to advance toward more chronic experimentation in both animal models and humans, necessitating the utilization of biocompatible reference electrodes that should provide superior potential stability and allow for unprecedented chronic signal fidelity when used with a counter electrode for impedance mitigation.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneng.2010.00005
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
Frontiers in neuroengineering
影响因子：
--
作者：
Desai SA;Rolston JD;Guo L;Potter SM
通讯作者：
Potter SM
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Alcaide M;Taylor A;Fjorback M;Zachar V;Pennisi CP
通讯作者：
Pennisi CP
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Einaga, Yasuaki
通讯作者：
Einaga, Yasuaki
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
DYMOND, AM;KAECHELE, LE;CRANDALL, PH
通讯作者：
CRANDALL, PH
影响因子：
48
作者：
Clark, Jeremy J.;Sandberg, Stefan G.;Wanat, Matthew J.;Gan, Jerylin O.;Horne, Eric A.;Hart, Andrew S.;Akers, Christina A.;Parker, Jones G.;Willuhn, Ingo;Martinez, Vicente;Evans, Scott B.;Stella, Nephi;Phillips, Paul E. M.
通讯作者：
Phillips, Paul E. M.