The Sensory Ecology of Nonconsumptive Predator Effects
The Sensory Ecology of Nonconsumptive Predator Effects
复制标题
非消耗性捕食者效应的感官生态学
DOI：
10.1086/676644
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. C. Ferner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Weissburg;D. Smee;M. C. Ferner
非消耗效应（NCEs）已被证明发生在许多系统中，并被认为是捕食结构自然群落的重要机制。感官生态学，即管理的生产，传播和掩蔽线索的环境噪声的过程，提供了深入的了解NCEs的强度作为环境和信息传递模式的功能。我们讨论了捕食者的属性是如何被猎物编码的威胁，环境如何影响线索传播，以及单一的感觉过程与多模式的感觉过程的作用。我们讨论了为什么目前的文献记录了强大的NCE的潜力，但不允许我们很容易地确定这种潜力是如何表达的性质或什么因素或环境产生强与弱NCE。许多这些困难源于一个机构的文献中，某些感官环境和形式可能不成比例地表示，并在实验方法的目的是显示存在的NCE。我们提出了一个总体框架，检查NCE确定的因素控制的数量的猎物，捕食者的线索，并讨论如何捕食者，猎物，和环境的属性可能会决定猎物的感知范围和持续时间和频率的线索生产。我们建议如何理解这些关系提供了一个模式，以确定在哪里，何时，为什么，以及如何NCE是重要的，在自然群落中产生直接和级联效应。
Nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) have been shown to occur in numerous systems and are regarded as important mechanisms by which predation structures natural communities. Sensory ecology—that is, the processes governing the production, propagation, and masking of cues by ambient noise—provides insights into the strength of NCEs as functions of the environment and modes of information transfer. We discuss how properties of predators are used by prey to encode threat, how the environment affects cue propagation, and the role of single sensory processes versus multimodal sensory processes. We discuss why the present body of literature documents the potential for strong NCEs but does not allow us to easily determine how this potential is expressed in nature or what factors or environments produce strong versus weak NCEs. Many of these difficulties stem from a body of literature in which certain sensory environments and modalities may be disproportionately represented and in which experimental methodologies are designed to show the existence of NCEs. We present a general framework for examining NCEs to identify the factors controlling the number of prey that respond to predator cues and discuss how the properties of predators, prey, and the environment may determine prey perceptive range and the duration and frequency of cue production. We suggest how understanding these relationships provides a schema for determining where, when, why, and how NCEs are important in producing direct and cascading effects in natural communities.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.1.62
发表时间：
1995-01-03
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
ATEMA, J
通讯作者：
ATEMA, J