Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol-rich lipid raft and endosomal acidification.

Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol-rich lipid raft and endosomal acidification.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.001
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
Lu S
Lu S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li X;Zhu W;Fan M;Zhang J;Peng Y;Huang F;Wang N;He L;Zhang L;Holmdahl R;Meng L;Lu S

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冠状病毒病2019是由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)引起的一种病毒性肺炎。然而,SARS-CoV-2入侵宿主细胞的机制仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们使用SARS-CoV-2伪病毒感染表达人血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)的HEK293T细胞,并评价病毒感染情况。我们证实SARS-CoV-2在HEK293T细胞中的进入依赖于ACE2,并且对内体/溶酶体的pH敏感。SARS-CoV-2伪病毒的感染不依赖于动力蛋白、网织蛋白、小窝蛋白和内嗜性蛋白A2,也不依赖巨噬细胞增多。相反,我们发现SARS-CoV-2伪病毒的感染是富含胆固醇的脂筏依赖的。用甲基-β-环糊精去除细胞膜中的胆固醇,可减少假病毒感染。补充胆固醇后SARS-CoV-2假病毒感染恢复。总而言之,富含胆固醇的脂筏和内体酸化是SARS-CoV-2感染宿主细胞所需的关键步骤。因此,我们的发现扩大了对SARS-CoV-2进入机制的理解,并提供了一种新的抗SARS-CoV-2策略。
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a kind of viral pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the mechanism whereby SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells remains poorly understood. Here we used SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses to infect human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressing HEK293T cells and evaluated virus infection. We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 entry was dependent on ACE2 and sensitive to pH of endosome/lysosome in HEK293T cells. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses is independent of dynamin, clathrin, caveolin and endophilin A2, as well as macropinocytosis. Instead, we found that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses was cholesterol-rich lipid raft dependent. Cholesterol depletion of cell membranes with methyl-β-cyclodextrin resulted in reduction of pseudovirus infection. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses resumed with cholesterol supplementation. Together, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts, and endosomal acidification, are key steps of SARS-CoV-2 required for infection of host cells. Therefore, our finding expands the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism and provides a new anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy.
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