Morphogenesis and cell wall composition of trichomes and their function in response to salt in halophyte Salsola ferganica.
Morphogenesis and cell wall composition of trichomes and their function in response to salt in halophyte Salsola ferganica.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12870-022-03933-x
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发表时间：
2022-11-30
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Lan, Haiyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Yanxia;Ma, Yali;Aray, Hanat;Lan, Haiyan
为了在恶劣的环境条件下生存，沙漠植物表现出各种适应能力，例如进化出毛状体，这是一种保护性的表皮突出物。目前，荒漠植物毛状体的形态发生和功能尚不清楚。铁索茄（Salsola ferganica）是分布在寒冷沙漠中的一年生盐生植物；在苗期，其杆状真叶被长而厚的毛状体覆盖，受生境条件的影响。因此，我们比较了拟南芥和棉花的毛状体形态发生、细胞壁组成、相关基因表达以及在叶片盐分积累中的初步功能。铁铁酵母的毛原体起源于表皮原基，经过2 ~ 3轮细胞分裂形成多细胞毛原体，与此相关的一些基因参与其中。细胞壁组成分析表明，在拟南芥和棉花的毛状体中检测到不同种类的多糖，包括重度甲基酯化和完全去酯化的果胶（成熟前，可能在初生壁）、木葡聚糖（中早期和中期，可能在次生壁）和伸展蛋白（整个发育时期），这些多糖与拟南芥和棉花的毛状体不同。此外，毛状体发育受非生物胁迫影响，可能从叶肉细胞积累盐分并分泌到外部。铁铁酵母具有多细胞、无分支的毛状体，经历两到三轮细胞分裂并受非生物胁迫的影响。它们具有不同于拟南芥和棉花的独特细胞壁组成。此外，一些基因正或负调节毛状体的发育。研究结果将有助于我们进一步了解荒漠植物附属结构的生物发生和适应性。在线版本包含补充资料，下载地址：10.1186/s12870-022-03933-x。
To survive harsh environmental conditions, desert plants show various adaptions, such as the evolution of trichomes, which are protective epidermal protrusions. Currently, the morphogenesis and function of trichomes in desert plants are not well understood. Salsola ferganica is an annual halophyte distributed in cold deserts; at the seedling stage, its rod-shaped true leaves are covered with long and thick trichomes and are affected by habitat conditions. Therefore, we evaluated the trichomes on morphogenesis and cell wall composition of S. ferganica compared to Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton, related gene expression, and preliminary function in salt accumulation of the leaves. The trichomes of S. ferganica were initiated from the epidermal primordium, followed by two to three rounds of cell division to form a multicellular trichome, while some genes associated with them were positively involved. Cell wall composition analysis showed that different polysaccharides including heavily methyl-esterified and fully de-esterified pectins (before maturation, probably in the primary wall), xyloglucans (in the mid-early and middle stages, probably in the secondary wall), and extensin (during the whole developmental period) were detected, which were different from those found in trichomes of Arabidopsis and cotton. Moreover, trichome development was affected by abiotic stress, and might accumulate salt from the mesophyll cells and secrete outside. S. ferganica has multicellular, non-branched trichomes that undergo two to three rounds of cell division and are affected by abiotic stress. They have a unique cell wall composition which is different from that of Arabidopsis and cotton. Furthermore, several genes positively or negatively regulate trichome development. Our findings should contribute to our further understanding of the biogenesis and adaptation of plant accessory structures in desert plant species. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-022-03933-x.
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