Differences in nutritional status between rural and urban Yucatec Maya children: The importance of early life conditions
Differences in nutritional status between rural and urban Yucatec Maya children: The importance of early life conditions
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24510
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发表时间：
2022-03-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Varela-Silva, Ines
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Veile, Amanda;Christopher, Lauren;Azcorra, Hugo;Dickinson, Federico;Kramer, Karen;Varela-Silva, Ines
早期生活条件塑造了儿童的成长，并受到城市化和营养转型的影响。为了调查早期生活条件(跨越第一和第二个1000天)如何与农村和城市儿童的营养状况相关，我们分析了墨西哥尤卡坦的玛雅儿童的人体测量数据。我们收集了体重、身高和三头肌皮褶厚度，然后计算了6岁儿童的体重和脂肪质量指数(BMI/FMI)(城市n=72，农村n=66)。通过母亲访谈收集人口、社会经济和早期生活变量(出生体重/模式、城乡居住地/城市居住地、家庭拥挤)。我们统计分析了城乡在人口、社会经济、早期生活和人体测量变量上的差异，然后创建了线性混合模型来评估早期生活变量和儿童人体测量结果之间的关联。早期生活变量与儿童性别、早期生活变量与城乡居住地之间的双向交互作用被检验。结果显示，与城市儿童相比，农村儿童身材矮小，超重/肥胖和剖宫产率较低。家庭拥挤是人体测量结果的负面预测因素；对男孩和城市儿童的影响最大。出生体重对人体测量结果有积极的预测作用，特别是体重/体重指数。出生方式与任何人体测量结果呈正相关(而非统计学上)。剖腹产在男孩中比女孩更常见，这预示着城市男孩的身高会增加。总而言之，城市化和家庭拥挤是玛雅6岁儿童人体测量最有效的预测因素。拥挤的负面影响可能会不成比例地影响玛雅男孩和女孩以及城市和农村儿童。早期生活条件塑造了玛雅儿童在“第一”和“第二”1000天的营养状况。
Early‐life conditions shape childhood growth and are affected by urbanization and the nutritional transition. To investigate how early‐life conditions (across the “first” and “second” 1000 days) are associated with rural and urban children's nutritional status, we analyzed anthropometric data from Maya children in Yucatan, Mexico. We collected weight, height and triceps skinfold measures, then computed body mass and fat mass indices (BMI/FMI), in a cross‐sectional sample of 6‐year‐olds (urban n = 72, rural n = 66). Demographic, socioeconomic and early‐life variables (birthweight/mode, rural/urban residence, household crowding) were collected by maternal interview. We statistically analyzed rural‐urban differences in demographic, socioeconomic, early‐life, and anthropometric variables, then created linear mixed models to evaluate associations between early‐life variables and child anthropometric outcomes. Two‐way interactions were tested between early‐life variables and child sex, and between early‐life variables and rural‐urban residence. Results showed that rural children were shorter‐statured, with lower overweight/obesity and cesarean delivery rates, compared to urban children. Household crowding was a negative predictor of anthropometric outcomes; the strongest effect was in boys and in urban children. Birthweight positively predicted anthropometric outcomes, especially weight/BMI. Birth mode was positively (not statistically) associated with any anthropometric outcome. Cesarean delivery was more common in boys than in girls, and predicted increased height in urban boys. In conclusion, urbanization and household crowding were the most powerful predictors of Maya 6‐year‐old anthropometry. The negative effects of crowding may disproportionately affect Maya boys versus girls and urban versus rural children. Early‐life conditions shape Maya children's nutritional status both in the “first” and “second” 1000 days.
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