Plant Biotechnology of Flavonoids
Plant Biotechnology of Flavonoids
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黄酮类植物生物技术
DOI：
10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.179
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
A. Reddy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Madhuri;A. Reddy
黄酮类化合物，包括花青素是普遍存在的化合物，约占已知次生代谢物的5-10%，赋予从苔藓植物到被子植物鲜艳的花、种子和叶子颜色。植物从大约5000种已知的类黄酮中专门合成和积累特定的类黄酮组合，这意味着它们具有适应功能。黄酮类化合物途径已在几种精选植物中得到很好的表征。遗传和分子分析表明，该途径受分布在植物基因组中的多个基因座的调控，并受不同的调控基因家族在时间和空间上的调控。随着黄酮类化合物及其产物分子生化特性研究的迅速发展，精确阐明其在植物存活中的作用已成为可能。黄酮类化合物具有多种功能，如保护UV-B、植物与微生物共生的信号分子、植物防御反应、冷胁迫反应、激素反应调节剂和花粉繁殖。此外，黄酮类化合物作为非常强大的膳食抗氧化补充剂在人类营养中的作用越来越得到证实。综述了黄酮类化合物的结构和功能方面，特别是它们在应激反应中的作用。此外，还介绍了生物技术工具在不同植物中调控类黄酮途径的最新进展。类黄酮基因作为植物起源的良性、可见的报告基因，在转化实验中具有广阔的应用前景。对携带黄酮类基因的转基因植物的研究已被用于操纵植物对细菌和真菌疾病的防御反应，这些基因分别导致黄酮类基因通过感觉过表达积累或通过反义抑制减少或消除。类黄酮生物技术已成为园艺行业操纵花色的有力工具。本文综述了黄酮类化合物的各种功能，并描述了生物技术操作提高植物性能和附加值的具体实例和策略。
Flavonoids, including anthocyanins are ubiquitous compounds constituting about 5-10% of the known secondary metabolites imparting vivid floral, seed and foliage colors in plants ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms. Plants are specialized in synthesizing and accumulating specific combinations of flavonoids out of a pool of about 5000 known flavonoids implying their adaptive functions. The flavonoid pathway has been well characterized in a few select plants. The genetic and molecular analysis revealed that the pathway is governed by a number of loci dispersed across the plant genome and regulated by distinct regulatory gene families in a temporal and spatial manner. With the rapid growth in molecular and biochemical characterization of the genes and their products it has now become possible to precisely elucidate the role of flavonoids in plant survival. Flavonoids have been implicated in diverse functions such as UV-B protection, signal molecules in plant-microbe symbiotic associations, plant defense response, cold stress response, modulators of hormone response and pollen fertility. In addition, the role of flavonoids as very powerful dietary anti-oxidant supplements in human nutrition is increasingly demonstrated. The review highlights certain structural and functional aspects of flavonoids particularly their role in stress response. Further, recent advances in application of biotechnology tools to manipulate flavonoid pathway in different plants has been described. Flavonoid genes as benign and visible reporters of plant origin in transformation experiments appears to be promising. Studies on transgenic plants carrying genetically engineered flavonoid genes leading to the accumulation of flavonoids by sense over-expression or decrease or elimination by anti-sense suppression respectively, have been used to manipulate plants defense response against bacterial and fungal diseases. Flavonoid biotechnology has become a powerful tool to manipulate flower color in horticulture industry. This review critically evaluates various functions of flavonoids and describes specific instances and strategies of biotechnological manipulation to improve plant performance and value addition.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
GOFF, SA;KLEIN, TM;CHANDLER, VL
通讯作者：
CHANDLER, VL
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
PETERS, NK;FROST, JW;LONG, SR
通讯作者：
LONG, SR
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
M. McLaughlin;V. Walbot
通讯作者：
M. McLaughlin;V. Walbot
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
LLOYD, AM;WALBOT, V;DAVIS, RW
通讯作者：
DAVIS, RW
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
DESCHNER, EE;RUPERTO, J;NEWMARK, HL
通讯作者：
NEWMARK, HL