Sex disparity in cancer: roles of microRNAs and related functional players.
Sex disparity in cancer: roles of microRNAs and related functional players.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41418-017-0051-x
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
12.4
通讯作者：
Malorni W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carè A;Bellenghi M;Matarrese P;Gabriele L;Salvioli S;Malorni W
细胞水平上的性别二态性被认为在癌症的发生和进展中发挥着作用。特别是，最近的研究揭示了携带 XX 或 XY 染色体的细胞在对应激刺激的反应方面存在显着差异，表明存在决定性别特异性代谢或表型特征的遗传和表观遗传差异。尽管这一领域的研究仍处于起步阶段，但现有数据表明性染色体在决定细胞生命或死亡方面发挥着关键作用。特别是，携带 XX 染色体的细胞相对于 XY 细胞表现出更高的适应潜力和生存行为，以响应微环境变化。来自女性的细胞似乎也比男性细胞配备了更有效的表观遗传机制。特别是，X 染色体含有出乎意料的大量 microRNA (miR)，目前为 118 个，而 Y 染色体上只有两个 miR，常染色体上平均有 40-50 个。这些小非编码 RNA 的调节能力已得到充分认可，因为 30-50% 的蛋白质编码基因是 miR 的靶标，并且它们在细胞命运中的作用已得到充分证明。此外，一些进一步的见解，包括男性和女性不同的 DNA 甲基化模式，声称癌症和针对肿瘤的免疫系统活性存在显着的性别差异。在这篇简短的论文中，我们分析了性染色体上编码的 miR 及其相关功能路径在细胞稳态调节中的影响的最新知识，并描绘了该领域表观遗传学研究的可能前景。
A sexual dimorphism at the cellular level has been suggested to play a role in cancer onset and progression. In particular, very recent studies have unraveled striking differences between cells carrying XX or XY chromosomes in terms of response to stressful stimuli, indicating the presence of genetic and epigenetic differences determining sex-specific metabolic or phenotypic traits. Although this field of investigation is still in its infancy, available data suggest a key role of sexual chromosomes in determining cell life or death. In particular, cells carrying XX chromosomes exhibit a higher adaptive potential and survival behavior in response to microenvironmental variations with respect to XY cells. Cells from females also appear to be equipped with more efficient epigenetic machinery than the male counterpart. In particular, the X chromosome contains an unexpected high number of microRNAs (miRs), at present 118, in comparison with only two miRs localized on chromosome Y, and an average of 40–50 on the autosomes. The regulatory power of these small non-coding RNAs is well recognized, as 30–50% of all protein-coding genes are targeted by miRs and their role in cell fate has been well demonstrated. In addition, several further insights, including DNA methylation patterns that are different in males and females, claim for a significant gender disparity in cancer and in the immune system activity against tumors. In this brief paper, we analyze the state of the art of our knowledge on the implication of miRs encoded on sex chromosomes, and their related functional paths, in the regulation of cell homeostasis and depict possible perspectives for the epigenetic research in the field.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0906947106
发表时间：
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