Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis.
Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12966-017-0555-2
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发表时间：
2017-07-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
von Hippel PT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brazendale K;Beets MW;Weaver RG;Pate RR;Turner-McGrievy GM;Kaczynski AT;Chandler JL;Bohnert A;von Hippel PT
虽然科学界已经承认，在学年期间，体重状况和导致肥胖的行为（即体育活动、久坐/看屏幕的时间、饮食和睡眠）可以得到适度的改善，但研究表明，随着小学年龄的孩子被放暑假，这些改善就会被抹去。新出现的证据表明，与在学期间相比，暑假后返校的孩子体重增加更快。因此，了解夏季与儿童在校期间有何不同是至关重要的。关于夏季体重增加加速的病因的证据有限，很少有研究比较同一儿童在学校和夏季的致肥行为。对许多孩子来说，暑假就像整个学年的周末。周末通常在一致和正式的结构中受到限制，因此与学校生活不同，学校生活中存在分段的、预先计划的、限制性的和强制性的组成部分，这些组成部分形成了致肥行为。作者假设，与夏季通常发生的情况相比，当儿童暴露于有组织的一天（即学校工作日）时，肥胖行为会得到有益的调节。这被称为“结构化天数假说”（SDH）。为了说明SDH是如何运作的，本研究检查了美国小学适龄儿童的经验数据，比较了周末（非结构化）和工作日（结构化）的肥胖行为。在190项研究中，155项（约80%）表明，与工作日相比，周末对小学适龄儿童的致肥行为更不利。鉴于SDH，一致的证据表明，工作日的结构化环境可能有助于通过调节致肥行为来保护儿童，最可能的是通过强制性的体育活动机会、限制热量摄入、减少屏幕时间和调节睡眠时间表。夏季正成为预防儿童肥胖的关键时期。SDH可以帮助研究人员了解夏季肥胖行为的驱动因素，并导致创新的干预开发。
Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential. There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic behaviors on the same children during school and summer. For many children, summer days may be analogous to weekend days throughout the school year. Weekend days are often limited in consistent and formal structure, and thus differ from school days where segmented, pre-planned, restrictive, and compulsory components exist that shape obesogenic behaviors. The authors hypothesize that obesogenic behaviors are beneficially regulated when children are exposed to a structured day (i.e., school weekday) compared to what commonly occurs during summer. This is referred to as the ‘Structured Days Hypothesis’ (SDH). To illustrate how the SDH operates, this study examines empirical data that compares weekend day (less-structured) versus weekday (structured) obesogenic behaviors in U.S. elementary school-aged children. From 190 studies, 155 (~80%) demonstrate elementary-aged children’s obesogenic behaviors are more unfavorable during weekend days compared to weekdays. In light of the SDH, consistent evidence demonstrates the structured environment of weekdays may help to protect children by regulating obesogenic behaviors, most likely through compulsory physical activity opportunities, restricting caloric intake, reducing screen time occasions, and regulating sleep schedules. Summer is emerging as the critical period where childhood obesity prevention efforts need to be focused. The SDH can help researchers understand the drivers of obesogenic behaviors during summer and lead to innovative intervention development.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12966-016-0442-2
发表时间：
2016-11-16
影响因子：
8.7
作者：
Beets, Michael W.;Okely, Anthony;Cliff, Dylan P.
通讯作者：
Cliff, Dylan P.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011-06-17
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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