The Transnational Social Contract in the Global South

The Transnational Social Contract in the Global South
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南方国家的跨国社会契约

DOI:
10.1093/isq/sqad088
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Sadiq K
Sadiq K
中科院分区:
法学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sadiq K

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劳工移民如何影响后殖民国家的国家社会关系?我们认为,在国外就业的机会改变了后殖民国家的一个基本组成部分后独立的社会契约。这些国家无法维持独立后的福利水平,首先导致了“移民管理机构”的发展,这些机构试图鼓励和规范公民的劳动力移民,其次,导致“汇款-福利差距”的扩大,劳动力移民和汇款超过了国家资助的福利。这些标志着“跨国社会契约”的出现,因为国家利用在国外就业的机会来换取社会和政治上的默许。这种后殖民社会契约的去领土化导致了法律上和事实上的国家对公民/移民的胁迫形式,这些公民/移民被跨国新父权主义的市场逻辑商品化。我们通过对南亚和中东两个后殖民国家尼泊尔和约旦的配对比较和案例分析来验证这一论点。我们提供了一个区域间的,南南移民分析和理解的政治流动性在非西方国家的新框架“从下面的移民”,这作为一个纠正南北移民研究在国际研究中的主导地位。
How does labor emigration affect state–society relations across postcolonial states? We argue that the opportunity to pursue employment abroad alters a fundamental component of postcolonial states—the post-independence social contract. Such states’ inability to sustain post-independence levels of welfare provision first leads to the development of “emigration management institutions,” which seek to encourage and regulate citizens’ labor emigration, and second, to the widening of the “remittance-welfare gap,” where labor emigration and remittances outpace state-sponsored welfare provision. These mark the emergence of a “transnational social contract,” as states leverage access to employment abroad in exchange for social and political acquiescence. This de-territorialization of the postcolonial social contract leads to de jure and de facto forms of state coercion toward its citizens/migrants, who are commodified by the market-based logic of transnational neo-patrimonialism. We test this argument through a paired comparison and within-case analysis across two postcolonial states in South Asia and the Middle East: Nepal and Jordan. We offer an interregional, South–South migration analysis and a novel framework of understanding the politics of mobility across non-Western states as “migration from below,” which acts as a corrective to the dominance of South–North migration research in international studies.
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