Unbounding ELSI: The Ongoing Work of Centering Equity and Justice

Unbounding ELSI: The Ongoing Work of Centering Equity and Justice
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无拘无束的ELSI:以公平和正义为中心的持续工作

DOI:
10.1080/15265161.2023.2214055
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
The American Journal of Bioethics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Reardon, Jenny
Reardon, Jenny
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Adsit-Morris, Chessa;NaDejda Collins, Rayheann;Goering, Sara;Karabin, James;Lee, Sandra Soo-Jin;Reardon, Jenny

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长期以来,ELSI的努力一直受到批评的困扰,他们特权的科学框架,并给予科学家的权力,以制定道德议程。人类基因组计划(HGP)ELSI项目的第一任主任Eric Juengst在离职后的反思中解释说,HGP ELSI项目的主要目标是支持而不是批评基因组学。Juengst写道:“基因组研究的事业和由此产生的知识应该被视为'纯粹的初步商品'”(Juengst 1996,68)。ELSI的目标是创造政策工具,确保这些商品以最有效的方式到达公众手中。ELSI计划的工作主要集中在调整现有的伦理实践(如知情同意)和法律的工具(如专利法),以适应新的科学,而不是批判性地研究基因组学在重建自然和社会秩序中所发挥的作用。简而言之,为了借鉴和扩展Melissa Creary(2021)有力提供的语言,ELSI的形成受到促进基因组学的狭隘目标的限制,这是一种它认为本质上是好的科学形式。那么,当科学政策组织和资助者呼吁以公平为主导的科学、技术、工程、数学和医学(STEM)研究方法时,它的未来是什么?白宫科技政策办公室(OSTP)去年年底提出了一项旨在改造STEM生态系统的公平行动计划(OSTP 2022)。美国国家医学院新兴科学、技术和创新委员会(CESTI)最近
ELSI efforts long have been troubled by critiques that they privilege scientific frameworks and grant scientists the power to set ethical agendas. As the first director of the Human Genome Project’s (HGP) ELSI program, Eric Juengst, explained in reflections he wrote after leaving the role, the primary goal of the HGP’s ELSI program was to support, not critique, genomics.“The enterprise of genome research and the knowledge generated by it,” Juengst wrote,“were to be treated as ‘unalloyed prima facie goods’”(Juengst 1996, 68). ELSI’s aim was to create the policy tools that would ensure that these goods reached the public in the most efficacious manner. Rather than critically examining the role genomics played in reconstituting the natural and social order, the work of the ELSI program primarily focused on adapting existing ethical practices (eg, informed consent) and legal instruments (eg, patent law) to accommodate the new science. In short, to draw on and extend language that Melissa Creary (2021) powerfully provides, ELSI’s formation was bounded by the narrow goal of facilitating genomics, a form of science it believed to be inherently good.Thus, to date, ELSI has had little capacity to address issues of equity and justice. What then is its future in this moment when science policy organizations and funders are calling for equity-led approaches to science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEM) research? The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) put forward at the end of last year an Equity Action Plan to transform the STEM ecosystem (OSTP 2022). The National Academy of Medicine’s Committee on Emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation (CESTI) recently
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基因组之后。
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