Transient amorphous calcium phosphate in forming enamel.

Transient amorphous calcium phosphate in forming enamel.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.jsb.2009.02.001
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发表时间:
2009-05
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Gilbert, P. U. P. A.
Gilbert, P. U. P. A.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beniash, Elia;Metzler, Rebecca A.;Lam, Raymond S. K.;Gilbert, P. U. P. A.

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牙釉质是人体最坚硬的组织,最初是悬浮在蛋白质凝胶中的纳米级矿物颗粒的三维网络。这种矿物网络作为成熟牙釉质形成的模板。为了进一步了解牙釉质形成的机制,我们利用x射线吸收近边缘结构(XANES)光谱显微镜、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外显微光谱和偏振光显微镜对早期分泌阶段形成牙釉质矿物进行了表征。我们发现新形成的珐琅质矿物是无定形磷酸钙(ACP),它最终转化为磷灰石晶体。有趣的是,这些无定形矿物颗粒和古老晶体的大小、形状和空间组织基本相同,这表明珐琅中的矿物形态和组织在结晶之前就已经确定了。在石鳖的牙齿、软体动物的壳、棘皮动物的针状体和脊椎中,曾报道过瞬态非晶态矿化,最近的报道强烈表明,在脊椎动物骨骼的形成过程中也存在瞬态非晶态矿物。目前在小鼠牙釉质中发现的瞬时ACP表明这种策略可能是普遍的。
Enamel, the hardest tissue in the body, begins as a three-dimensional network of nanometer size mineral particles, suspended in a protein gel. This mineral network serves as a template for mature enamel formation. To further understand the mechanisms of enamel formation we characterized the forming enamel mineral at an early secretory stage using x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectromicroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR microspectroscopy and polarized light microscopy. We show that the newly formed enamel mineral is amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which eventually transforms into apatitic crystals. Interestingly, the size, shape and spatial organization of these amorphous mineral particles and older crystals are essentially the same, indicating that the mineral morphology and organization in enamel is determined prior to its crystallization. Mineralization via transient amorphous phases has been previously reported in chiton teeth, mollusk shells, echinoderm spicules and spines, and recent reports strongly suggest the presence transient amorphous mineral in forming vertebrate bones. The present finding of transient ACP in murine tooth enamel suggests that this strategy might be universal.
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