The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass.
The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-12-439
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发表时间：
2012-06-18
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Roberts I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walpole SC;Prieto-Merino D;Edwards P;Cleland J;Stevens G;Roberts I
生态金字塔中每个营养级物种的能量需求是生物体数量及其平均质量的函数。关于人口，尽管人们对估计人口数量给予了相当大的关注，但对平均体重的估计却少之又少，尽管有证据表明平均体重正在增加。我们估算了全球人类生物量、其按地区分布以及超重和肥胖导致的生物量比例。对于每个国家，我们使用体重指数 (BMI) 和身高分布数据来估计成人平均体重。我们将总生物量计算为人口规模和平均体重的乘积。我们估算了超重（BMI > 25）和肥胖（BMI > 30）人口的百分比以及超重和肥胖引起的生物量。 2005年，全球成年人生物量约为2.87亿吨，其中1500万吨是由于超重（BMI>25），相当于2.42亿人的平均体重（占全球人类生物量的5%）。肥胖产生的生物量为 350 万吨，相当于 5600 万人的平均体重（占人类生物量的 1.2%）。北美人口占世界人口的 6%，但生物量却因肥胖而占 34%。亚洲人口占世界人口的 61%，但由于肥胖而导致生物量仅占 13%。一吨人体生物量相当于大约 12 名北美成年人和 17 名亚洲成年人。如果所有国家都采用美国的BMI分布，则增加的5800万吨人类生物量相当于额外增加9.35亿人的平均体重，能量需求相当于4.73亿成年人的能量需求。人口肥胖率的增加可能对世界粮食能源需求产生与地球上额外的 5 亿人口相同的影响。
The energy requirement of species at each trophic level in an ecological pyramid is a function of the number of organisms and their average mass. Regarding human populations, although considerable attention is given to estimating the number of people, much less is given to estimating average mass, despite evidence that average body mass is increasing. We estimate global human biomass, its distribution by region and the proportion of biomass due to overweight and obesity. For each country we used data on body mass index (BMI) and height distribution to estimate average adult body mass. We calculated total biomass as the product of population size and average body mass. We estimated the percentage of the population that is overweight (BMI > 25) and obese (BMI > 30) and the biomass due to overweight and obesity. In 2005, global adult human biomass was approximately 287 million tonnes, of which 15 million tonnes were due to overweight (BMI > 25), a mass equivalent to that of 242 million people of average body mass (5% of global human biomass). Biomass due to obesity was 3.5 million tonnes, the mass equivalent of 56 million people of average body mass (1.2% of human biomass). North America has 6% of the world population but 34% of biomass due to obesity. Asia has 61% of the world population but 13% of biomass due to obesity. One tonne of human biomass corresponds to approximately 12 adults in North America and 17 adults in Asia. If all countries had the BMI distribution of the USA, the increase in human biomass of 58 million tonnes would be equivalent in mass to an extra 935 million people of average body mass, and have energy requirements equivalent to that of 473 million adults. Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth.
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62037-5
发表时间：
2011-02-12
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Finucane MM;Stevens GA;Cowan MJ;Danaei G;Lin JK;Paciorek CJ;Singh GM;Gutierrez HR;Lu Y;Bahalim AN;Farzadfar F;Riley LM;Ezzati M;Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index)
通讯作者：
Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Body Mass Index)
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Fezeu, Leopold K.;Assah, Felix K.;Mbanya, Jean-Claude N.
通讯作者：
Mbanya, Jean-Claude N.