Male and female testosterone—is one sex made in the image of the other? A comment on Goymann and Wingfield
Male and female testosterone—is one sex made in the image of the other? A comment on Goymann and Wingfield
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男性和女性睾酮——一种性别是按照另一种性别的形象而生的吗？对戈伊曼和温菲尔德的评论
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Ketterson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ketterson
Goymann和Wingfield（2014）对雌性鸟类循环睾酮、两性二态性和社会系统之间的关系进行了令人欢迎的回顾。他们得出结论，早期的比较研究是不确定的，因为他们没有纳入系统发育（Ketterson et al. 2005）。我同意。戈曼和温菲尔德还批评了依赖植入物来提高循环睾酮水平的实验研究。在这一点上，我不同意。激素的药理学水平和生理水平之间的区别可以提供信息而不是问题；如果出现一种新的表型，它会传播吗？此外，进化内分泌学已经从早期对激素循环水平的关注发展到对局部类固醇产生、组织特异性敏感性和激素诱导的基因表达模式的研究。当前的挑战不是用一种方法取代另一种方法，而是将它们整合起来。十年前，当玛丽亚·桑德尔、瓦尔·诺兰和我撰写关于雌性与雌性竞争和雌性睾丸激素的文章时（Ketterson et al. 2005），我们考虑了雄性和雌性睾丸激素的跨物种数据以及雄性的实验研究。在黑眼junco中，我们发现实验中循环睾酮水平升高的雄性在表型上与对照不同，通过对外受精产生更多的后代，降低了存活率，但提高了净适应性。为了解释为什么男性不能自然产生更高水平的睾丸激素，我们提出，如果男性和女性的睾丸激素水平是相关的，而女性的睾丸激素水平较高是不利的，那么对选择的相关反应可能会限制男性的睾丸激素。今天，关于睾丸激素的性冲突的逻辑仍然是合理的，但这个案例还远远没有完成。对junco的研究提供了相互矛盾的证据。接受睾酮植入治疗的女性确实变得更具攻击性（Zysling et al. 2006），但是
Goymann and Wingfield (2014) provide a welcome review of the relationships between circulating testosterone, sexual dimorphism, and social systems in female birds. They conclude that earlier comparative studies were inconclusive because they failed to incorporate phylogeny (Ketterson et al. 2005). I agree. Goymann and Wingfield also criticize experimental studies that rely on implants to elevate circulating levels of testosterone. Here, I disagree. The distinction between pharmacological versus physiological levels of hormones can be informative rather than problematic; if a novel phenotype were to arise, would it spread? Further, evolutionary endocrinology has advanced substantially beyond its earlier focus on circulating levels of hormones to investigations of local steroid production, tissue-specific sensitivity, and hormone-induced patterns of gene expression. The current challenge is not to replace one approach with the others but to integrate them. When Maria Sandell, Val Nolan, and I were writing about female–female competition and female testosterone a decade ago (Ketterson et al. 2005), we considered both cross-species data on male and female testosterone and experimental studies in males. In the dark-eyed junco, we had found that males with experimentally elevated circulating testosterone differed phenotypically from controls in ways that resulted in greater offspring production via extrapair fertilizations, reduced survival, but higher net fitness. Seeking an explanation for why males did not naturally produce these higher levels of testosterone, we proposed that if male and female levels of testosterone were correlated, and higher levels in females were disadvantageous, then correlated responses to selection might constrain male testosterone. Today, the logic for sexual conflict over testosterone remains sound, but the case is far from made. Research on the junco provides conflicting evidence. Females treated with testosterone implants do become more aggressive (Zysling et al. 2006), but
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ketterson, Ellen D.;Atwell, Jonathan W.;McGlothlin, Joel W.
通讯作者：
McGlothlin, Joel W.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0083
发表时间：
2013-12
期刊：
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
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作者：
K. Rosvall
通讯作者：
K. Rosvall