Sparrowhawk movement, calling, and presence of dead conspecifics differentially impact blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) vocal and behavioral mobbing responses.
Sparrowhawk movement, calling, and presence of dead conspecifics differentially impact blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) vocal and behavioral mobbing responses.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-017-2361-x
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Templeton CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carlson NV;Pargeter HM;Templeton CN
许多动物会根据捕食者的威胁程度改变它们的反捕食行为。虽然许多研究已经研究了对不同捕食者的围攻反应的变化，但很少有研究调查捕食者自身状态或行为的变化如何影响反捕食者行为。我们研究了雀鹰（鹰）的行为对野生蓝山雀（Cyanistes caeruleus）的围攻反应的影响，使用机器人标本雀鹰。我们操纵模拟的捕食者是否移动它的头部，发出声音，或者用爪子抓住一只标本般的蓝山雀。当任何雀鹰模型存在时，蓝山雀减少觅食，增加反捕食行为和发声。此外，模型捕食者的状态（移动，发声，或死亡同种的存在）的每一个操作影响不同类型的蓝山雀反捕食者的行为和发声。这些结果表明，不同组成部分的围攻根据特定状态的一个给定的捕食者超越其存在或缺席，并建议，每个可能发挥不同的作用，在整体围攻反应。最后，我们的研究结果表明，使用更多的生活像捕食者刺激-那些具有简单的头部运动和声音回放的发声-改变猎物如何回应捕食者，这些“机器人猛禽”模型提供了一个强大的工具，以提供更高的现实主义在模拟捕食者遭遇，而不牺牲实验控制。反捕食行为通常会受到特定捕食者所构成的威胁程度的影响。虽然许多研究已经测试了不同类型的捕食者如何改变猎物行为，但很少有实验研究捕食者行为如何影响猎物的反捕食反应。通过实验操纵机器人捕食者，我们表明，蓝山雀不仅响应雀鹰的存在，通过减少喂养和增加反捕食者的行为和发声，但他们不同的具体反捕食者的行为时，遇到不同行为的捕食者（移动，发声，或捕获的猎物），这表明猎物注意他们的捕食者的状态和行为。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1007/s 00265 -017-2361-x）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Many animals alter their anti-predator behavior in accordance to the threat level of a predator. While much research has examined variation in mobbing responses to different predators, few studies have investigated how anti-predator behavior is affected by changes in a predator’s own state or behavior. We examined the effect of sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) behavior on the mobbing response of wild blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) using robotic taxidermy sparrowhawks. We manipulated whether the simulated predator moved its head, produced vocalizations, or held a taxidermy blue tit in its talons. When any sparrowhawk model was present, blue tits decreased foraging and increased anti-predator behavior and vocalizations. Additionally, each manipulation of the model predator’s state (moving, vocalizing, or the presence of a dead conspecific) impacted different types of blue tit anti-predator behavior and vocalizations. These results indicate that different components of mobbing vary according to the specific state of a given predator—beyond its presence or absence—and suggest that each might play a different role in the overall mobbing response. Last, our results indicate that using more life-like predator stimuli—those featuring simple head movements and audio playback of vocalizations—changes how prey respond to the predator; these ‘robo-raptor’ models provide a powerful tool to provide increased realism in simulated predator encounters without sacrificing experimental control. Anti-predatory behavior is often modulated by the threat level posed by a particular predator. While much research has tested how different types of predators change prey behavior, few experiments have examined how predator behavior affects anti-predatory responses of prey. By experimentally manipulating robotic predators, we show that blue tits not only respond to the presence of a sparrowhawk, by decreasing feeding and increasing anti-predator behavior and vocalizations, but that they vary specific anti-predator behaviors when encountering differently behaving predators (moving, vocalizing, or those with captured prey), suggesting that prey pay attention to their predators’ state and behavior. The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2361-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1998.0315
发表时间：
1998-03-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Andersson, S;Örnborg, J;Andersson, M
通讯作者：
Andersson, M
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Berankova, Jana;Vesely, Petr;Fuchs, Roman
通讯作者：
Fuchs, Roman
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Book, D. L.;Freeberg, Todd M.
通讯作者：
Freeberg, Todd M.
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Cook, Robert G.;Wright, Anthony A.;Drachman, Eric E.
通讯作者：
Drachman, Eric E.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Billings, Alexis C.;Greene, Erick;Jensen, Sophia Maria De La Lucia
通讯作者：
Jensen, Sophia Maria De La Lucia