Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation for the Formation of C-C Bonds in Complex Molecules.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation for the Formation of C-C Bonds in Complex Molecules.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00888
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发表时间：
2023-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Larrosa, Igor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Docherty, Jamie H.;Lister, Thomas M.;Mcarthur, Gillian;Findlay, Michael T.;Domingo-Legarda, Pablo;Kenyon, Jacob;Choudhary, Shweta;Larrosa, Igor
位点可预测和化学选择性的C-H键功能化反应为原料和精细化学品的阶梯经济多样化提供了综合强有力的策略。目前已经出现了许多过渡金属催化的方法来选择性激活和功能化碳氢键。然而，区域选择性和化学选择性在应用于具有显著官能团密度和多样性的高度复杂分子时出现了挑战。随着分子结构内部分子复杂性的增加，催化剂不耐受和有限适用性的风险随着官能团和潜在的刘易斯碱性杂原子的数量而增加。考虑到高度复杂且已经多样化的分子（如药物、天然产物和材料）中丰富的C-H键，设计和选择反应条件和耐受性催化剂对于成功的直接功能化至关重要。因此，在过渡金属催化的碳氢键功能化中，直接形成碳碳键的创新已经被发现和发展，以克服这些挑战和限制。本文综述了金属直接催化C-C键形成反应的研究进展，包括复杂靶标中C-H键的烷基化、甲基化、芳基化和烯烃化。
Site-predictable and chemoselective C–H bond functionalization reactions offer synthetically powerful strategies for the step-economic diversification of both feedstock and fine chemicals. Many transition-metal-catalyzed methods have emerged for the selective activation and functionalization of C–H bonds. However, challenges of regio- and chemoselectivity have emerged with application to highly complex molecules bearing significant functional group density and diversity. As molecular complexity increases within molecular structures the risks of catalyst intolerance and limited applicability grow with the number of functional groups and potentially Lewis basic heteroatoms. Given the abundance of C–H bonds within highly complex and already diversified molecules such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, and materials, design and selection of reaction conditions and tolerant catalysts has proved critical for successful direct functionalization. As such, innovations within transition-metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization for the direct formation of carbon–carbon bonds have been discovered and developed to overcome these challenges and limitations. This review highlights progress made for the direct metal-catalyzed C–C bond forming reactions including alkylation, methylation, arylation, and olefination of C–H bonds within complex targets.
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