β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application.
β-Glucan Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties and Potential for Clinical Application.
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β-葡聚糖的代谢和免疫调节特性及其临床应用潜力。
DOI：
10.3390/jof6040356
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发表时间：
2020-12-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Laffey JG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Murphy EJ;Rezoagli E;Major I;Rowan NJ;Laffey JG
β-葡聚糖是一种复杂的多糖，存在于多种植物和食物中，包括蘑菇。β-葡聚糖显示出一系列潜在的治疗特性。β-葡聚糖具有代谢和胃肠道作用，调节肠道微生物组，改变脂质和葡萄糖代谢，降低胆固醇，导致其作为代谢综合征、肥胖和饮食调节、胃肠道疾病如肠易激综合征的潜在疗法的研究，以及降低心血管和糖尿病风险。β-葡聚糖还具有免疫调节作用，导致其作为癌症（实体和血液学恶性肿瘤）、免疫介导的病症（例如，过敏性鼻炎、呼吸道感染），并促进伤口愈合。1980年，两种葡聚糖分离物在日本被许可作为药物用于癌症的免疫辅助治疗，这一事实证明了β-葡聚糖的治疗潜力。β-葡聚糖的进一步临床测试和翻译存在重大挑战。β-葡聚糖在临床测试中的各种条件强调了对β-葡聚糖的各种作用机制的不完全理解，这是一个关键的知识差距。此外，表面相似的β-葡聚糖制剂的效果似乎存在重要差异，这可能是由于来源和提取程序的差异，这是另一个知之甚少的问题。本综述将描述β-葡聚糖的生物学、潜在作用机制和临床试验中正在研究的关键治疗靶点，并确定和讨论成功翻译这种有趣的潜在治疗方法的关键挑战。
β-glucans are complex polysaccharides that are found in several plants and foods, including mushrooms. β-glucans display an array of potentially therapeutic properties. β-glucans have metabolic and gastro-intestinal effects, modulating the gut microbiome, altering lipid and glucose metabolism, reducing cholesterol, leading to their investigation as potential therapies for metabolic syndrome, obesity and diet regulation, gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel, and to reduce cardiovascular and diabetes risk. β-glucans also have immune-modulating effects, leading to their investigation as adjuvant agents for cancers (solid and haematological malignancies), for immune-mediated conditions (e.g., allergic rhinitis, respiratory infections), and to enhance wound healing. The therapeutic potential of β-glucans is evidenced by the fact that two glucan isolates were licensed as drugs in Japan as immune-adjuvant therapy for cancer in 1980. Significant challenges exist to further clinical testing and translation of β-glucans. The diverse range of conditions for which β-glucans are in clinical testing underlines the incomplete understanding of the diverse mechanisms of action of β-glucans, a key knowledge gap. Furthermore, important differences appear to exist in the effects of apparently similar β-glucan preparations, which may be due to differences in sources and extraction procedures, another poorly understood issue. This review will describe the biology, potential mechanisms of action and key therapeutic targets being investigated in clinical trials of β-glucans and identify and discuss the key challenges to successful translation of this intriguing potential therapeutic.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Abrams DI;Couey P;Shade SB;Kelly ME;Kamanu-Elias N;Stamets P
通讯作者：
Stamets P
Dectin-1介导β-葡聚糖的生物学作用。
DOI：
10.1084/jem.20021890
发表时间：
2003-05-05
期刊：
The Journal of experimental medicine
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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11.2
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9
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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Cox, Eric