Evolution of genetic and genomic features unique to the human lineage.

Evolution of genetic and genomic features unique to the human lineage.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrg3336
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发表时间:
2012-12
期刊:
Nature reviews. Genetics
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其他
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鉴于目前可用于快速比较基因组的前所未有的工具,识别和研究人类特有的遗传和基因组变化的速度加快了,我们正在进入人类进化基因组学的黄金时代。在这里,我们提供了这些努力的概述,重点介绍了最近的重要发现,识别的不同类型的人类特有基因组和基因变化的例子,以及显著的趋势,如将进化适应性变化定位于高度丰富的疾病关联的复杂基因座。最后,我们讨论了剩余的挑战,如当前基因组序列组合的不完整性质,以及将人类特有的基因组变化与人类特有的表型特征联系起来的困难。
Given the unprecedented tools now available for rapidly comparing genomes, the identification and study of genetic and genomic changes unique to our species has accelerated, and we are entering a golden age of human evolutionary genomics. Here we provide an overview of these efforts, highlighting important recent discoveries, examples of the different types of human-specific genomic and genetic changes identified, and salient trends such as the localization of evolutionary adaptive changes to complex loci that are highly enriched for disease associations. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges, such as the incomplete nature of current genome sequence assemblies, and difficulties in linking human-specific genomic changes to human-specific phenotypic traits.
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