Changes in the position and volume of inactive X chromosomes during the G0/G1 transition

Changes in the position and volume of inactive X chromosomes during the G0/G1 transition
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G0/G1 转变期间失活 X 染色体的位置和体积的变化

DOI:
10.1007/s10577-018-9577-0
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发表时间:
2018-04
影响因子:
2.6
通讯作者:
Wei Tao
Wei Tao
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guoliang Lyu;Tan Tan;Yiting Guan;Lei Sun;Qianjin Liang;Wei Tao

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在雌性哺乳动物中,每个细胞通过将一条X染色体转化为转录惰性异染色质来沉默它。失活伴随着表观遗传变化,包括特定组蛋白残基的甲基化和macroH2A的掺入。这种表观遗传学变化可能会对非活性X染色体(Xi)在核内的定位产生影响,超出染色质结构的水平。然而,不活跃的X染色体在细胞周期中的动态定位仍不清楚。在这里,我们表明,H3K27me3是一个细胞周期的非依赖性标记的失活的X染色体在WI 38细胞。通过利用该标记,将核中的Xi位置分为三种类型,即包膜位置(与包膜相关)、中间位置(包膜与核仁之间)和核仁位置(与核仁相关)。此外,连续切片分析显示,在中间位置的非活性X染色体似乎是稀疏和凝聚比那些与核膜或核仁。在从G0到G1期的过渡过程中,失活的X染色体倾向于从WI 38细胞的包膜位置移动到核仁位置。我们的研究结果意味着染色体定位的作用,在保持组织的非活性X染色体在不同的细胞阶段。
In female mammals, each cell silences one X chromosome by converting it into transcriptionally inert heterochromatin. The inactivation is concomitant with epigenetic changes including methylation of specific histone residues and incorporation of macroH2A. Such epigenetic changes may exert influence on the positioning of the inactive X chromosome (Xi) within the nucleus beyond the level of chromatin structure. However, the dynamic positioning of the inactive X chromosome during cell cycle remains unclear. Here, we show that H3K27me3 is a cell-cycle-independent marker for the inactivated X chromosomes in WI38 cells. By utilizing this marker, three types of Xi locations in the nuclei are classified, which are envelope position (associated with envelope), mid-position (between the envelope and nucleolus), and nucleolus position (associated with the nucleolus). Moreover, serial-section analysis revealed that the inactive X chromosomes in the mid-position appear to be sparser and less condensed than those associated with the nuclear envelope or nucleolus. During the transition from G0 to G1 phase, the inactive X chromosomes tend to move from the envelope position to the nucleolus position in WI38 cells. Our results imply a role of chromosome positioning in maintaining the organization of the inactive X chromosomes in different cell phases.
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