Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men: risk calculators for real-world decision-making.

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men: risk calculators for real-world decision-making.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0108742
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Dowdy DW
Dowdy DW
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen A;Dowdy DW

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口服暴露前预防(PrEP)可以在临床上有效和具有成本效益的高风险男性同性性行为(MSM)的艾滋病毒预防。然而,个体患者具有不同的风险特征,现实世界的人群各不相同,并且没有实用的工具来指导临床决策或公共卫生策略。我们介绍了一种实用的艾滋病毒感染模型,包括用于临床管理的个性化风险计算器和用于人群决策的成本效益计算器。我们开发了一个MSM的PrEP决策分析模型。主要的临床效果和成本效益结果是预防一次HIV感染所需的治疗数量(NNT)和获得的每质量调整生命年(QALY)成本。我们根据风险因素对患者进行了特征分析,包括PrEP依从性、安全套使用、性生活频率、背景HIV感染率和抗逆转录病毒治疗使用。根据标准PrEP依从性和国家流行病学参数,估计NNT为64(95%不确定性范围:26,176),每个QALY的成本为160,000美元(节省成本,740,000美元)-与其他已发表的模型相当。在高(35%)HIV流行率下,NNT为35(21,57),每个QALY的成本为27,000美元(节省成本,160,000美元),在高PrEP依从性下,NNT为30(14,69),每个QALY的成本为3,000美元(节省成本,200,000美元)。相比之下,对于一夫一妻制,与伴侣抗逆转录病毒治疗使用血清不一致的关系,NNT为90(39,157),每个QALY的成本为280,000美元(14,000美元,670,000美元)。PrEP结果在个体和人群中差异很大。风险计算器可以帮助患者教育,临床决策和成本效益评估。
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be clinically effective and cost-effective for HIV prevention in high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM). However, individual patients have different risk profiles, real-world populations vary, and no practical tools exist to guide clinical decisions or public health strategies. We introduce a practical model of HIV acquisition, including both a personalized risk calculator for clinical management and a cost-effectiveness calculator for population-level decisions. We developed a decision-analytic model of PrEP for MSM. The primary clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness outcomes were the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one HIV infection, and the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. We characterized patients according to risk factors including PrEP adherence, condom use, sexual frequency, background HIV prevalence and antiretroviral therapy use. With standard PrEP adherence and national epidemiologic parameters, the estimated NNT was 64 (95% uncertainty range: 26, 176) at a cost of $160,000 (cost saving, $740,000) per QALY – comparable to other published models. With high (35%) HIV prevalence, the NNT was 35 (21, 57), and cost per QALY was $27,000 (cost saving, $160,000), and with high PrEP adherence, the NNT was 30 (14, 69), and cost per QALY was $3,000 (cost saving, $200,000). In contrast, for monogamous, serodiscordant relationships with partner antiretroviral therapy use, the NNT was 90 (39, 157) and cost per QALY was $280,000 ($14,000, $670,000). PrEP results vary widely across individuals and populations. Risk calculators may aid in patient education, clinical decision-making, and cost-effectiveness evaluation.
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