Vertical niche partitioning between cryptic sibling species of a cosmopolitan marine planktonic protist

Vertical niche partitioning between cryptic sibling species of a cosmopolitan marine planktonic protist
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国际海洋浮游原生生物的神秘同级物种之间的垂直生态位划分

DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05686.x
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Kucera M
Kucera M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weiner A;Aurahs R;Kurasawa A;Kitazato H;Kucera M

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海洋表层生物量的很大一部分是由微小的单细胞浮游生物代表的。这些生物在功能和形态上都是多样化的,但它们的多样性是如何产生的仍不清楚。由于海洋中的被动运输和无屏障,海洋微型浮游生物种类分布广泛。物种形成是如何在一个似乎具有无限扩散潜力的系统中发生的?最近以浮游有孔虫为模型的研究表明,即使在形态物种内神秘的遗传多样性中,许多遗传类型也是世界性的,地理上的孤立对物种形成的支持有限。在这里,我们表明,目前关于微型浮游生物的生物地理和潜在物种形成机制的二维观点可能是误导的。通过深度分层抽样,我们提出了证据表明,在全球范围内,浮游有孔虫Hastigerina pelagica这一世界性海洋微型浮游生物物种的兄弟姐妹遗传类型一直按深度分开。遗传上密切相关和形态上不可分离的遗传类型之间的这种强烈分离表明,海洋异养微浮游生物的生态位分配可以在全球范围内的垂直维度上保持下去。这些观察表明,在垂直结构的微浮游生物种群中,可以发生沿深度的物种形成(深度-表层物种形成),从而促进多样化,而不需要空间隔离。
A large portion of the surface‐ocean biomass is represented by microscopic unicellular plankton. These organisms are functionally and morphologically diverse, but it remains unclear how their diversity is generated. Species of marine microplankton are widely distributed because of passive transport and lack of barriers in the ocean. How does speciation occur in a system with a seemingly unlimited dispersal potential? Recent studies using planktonic foraminifera as a model showed that even among the cryptic genetic diversity within morphological species, many genetic types are cosmopolitan, lending limited support for speciation by geographical isolation. Here we show that the current two‐dimensional view on the biogeography and potential speciation mechanisms in the microplankton may be misleading. By depth‐stratified sampling, we present evidence that sibling genetic types in a cosmopolitan species of marine microplankton, the planktonic foraminiferHastigerina pelagica, are consistently separated by depth throughout their global range. Such strong separation between genetically closely related and morphologically inseparable genetic types indicates that niche partitioning in marine heterotrophic microplankton can be maintained in the vertical dimension on a global scale. These observations indicate that speciation along depth (depth‐parapatric speciation) can occur in vertically structured microplankton populations, facilitating diversification without the need for spatial isolation.
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