Efficacy of automatic emergency braking among risky drivers using counterfactual simulations from the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study
Efficacy of automatic emergency braking among risky drivers using counterfactual simulations from the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study
复制标题
使用 SHRP 2 自然驾驶研究中的反事实模拟对高风险驾驶员进行自动紧急制动的效果
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104746
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Loeb, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seacrist, Thomas;Sahani, Ridhi;Chingas, Gregory;Douglas, Ethan C.;Graci, Valentina;Loeb, Helen
机动车碰撞仍然是美国和世界范围内的一个重大问题。自动紧急制动（AEB）旨在减轻最常见的碰撞模式：追尾碰撞。然而，评估AEB在现实世界的碰撞场景中的有效性是具有挑战性的，因为除了自然驾驶研究之外，很少记录避免的碰撞。在没有这些数据的情况下，可以通过使用反事实模拟将AEB追溯性地添加到自然碰撞中，在真实的碰撞场景中评估AEB。AEB被回顾性应用于SHRP 2数据库中青少年（16-19岁）、年轻人（20-24岁）、成年人（35-54岁）和老年人（70岁以上）驾驶员的追尾碰撞（n = 40）。IIHS AEB试验的真实AEB减速曲线与SHRP 2车辆根据车辆制造商和类别配对。SHRP 2碰撞的AEB发作基于制动威胁数（BTN）算法。调整AEB曲线以匹配AEB开始时的车辆速度。AEB减速曲线根据路面条件进行缩放。通过在当前驾驶员启动的制动水平下开始减速曲线来解释驾驶员的反应。总体而言，AEB被认为是非常有效的，防止83%（n = 33）的追尾碰撞。然而，AEB对于发生在更高速度和恶劣天气条件下的碰撞不太有效。这些数据提供了AEB的反事实评估，OEM可以使用该评估来优先考虑针对高速碰撞和次优道路条件的AEB优化。
Motor vehicle crashes remain a significant problem in the US and worldwide. Automatic emergency braking (AEB) is designed to mitigate the most common crash mode: rear-end striking crashes. However, assessing the efficacy of AEB in real-world crash scenarios is challenging given that avoided crashes are rarely documented except during naturalistic driving studies. In the absence of such data, AEB can be evaluated in real-world crash scenarios by retrospectively adding AEB to naturalistic crashes using counterfactual simulations. AEB was retrospectively applied to rear-end striking crashes (n = 40) from the SHRP 2 database among teen (16–19 yrs), young adult (20–24 yrs), adult (35–54 yrs), and older (70+ yrs) drivers. Real-world AEB deceleration profiles from IIHS AEB tests were paired with SHRP 2 vehicles based on vehicle make and class. AEB onset for SHRP 2 crashes was based on a brake threat number (BTN) algorithm. AEB curves were adjusted to match the speed of the vehicle at AEB onset. AEB deceleration curves were scaled based on road surface conditions. Driver reaction was accounted for by beginning the deceleration curve at the current driver-initiated braking level. Overall, AEB was found to be very effective, preventing 83% (n = 33) of rear-end striking crashes. However, AEB was less effective for crashes that occurred at higher speeds and during inclement weather conditions. These data provide a counterfactual evaluation of AEB that can be used by OEMs to prioritize AEB optimization for higher speed crashes and sub-optimal road conditions.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Kusano, Kristofer;Gorman, Thomas I.;Gabler, Hampton C.
通讯作者：
Gabler, Hampton C.
2015 年美国机动车交通事故是导致死亡的主要原因
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
C. Webb
通讯作者：
C. Webb
影响因子：
2
作者：
Graci, Valentina;Douglas, Ethan;Arbogast, Kristy B.
通讯作者：
Arbogast, Kristy B.