The epigenetic landscape of exercise in cardiac health and disease.
The epigenetic landscape of exercise in cardiac health and disease.
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运动对心脏健康和疾病的表观遗传景观
DOI：
10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.003
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发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Gao F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu G;Zhang X;Gao F
运动诱导表观遗传学的深刻改变，介导运动的有益效果。运动不仅可以改变心脏的表观遗传学以促进心脏健康，还可以改变其他组织的表观遗传学，从而降低心脏疾病的风险或通过运动因子提供心脏保护。由多个组织分泌的、调节代谢的循环非编码RNA通过exosomes穿梭，作为一种新的运动因子在心脏保护中发挥重要作用。随着心血管疾病发病率的上升，随之而来的死亡率和发病率给生活质量和社会成本带来了巨大负担。人们普遍认为，缺乏身体活动是心脏病的主要危险因素之一，运动在生理和病理条件下对心脏都有好处。然而，运动对心脏保护作用的分子机制仍不完全清楚。最近，越来越多的研究表明表观遗传修饰参与促进心脏健康和预防心脏病。运动和其他生活方式因素广泛诱导表观遗传修饰，包括DNA/RNA甲基化、组蛋白翻译后修饰和多种组织中的非编码RNA，这可能有助于它们对人类健康和疾病的积极影响。此外，一些研究表明，母亲或父亲的运动可以预防后代中与年龄相关或高脂肪饮食诱导的代谢功能障碍，加强了表观遗传学在介导运动有益作用方面的重要性。研究表明，运动可以直接改变心脏表观遗传学，以促进心脏健康，保护心脏免受各种病理过程的影响，或者它可以改变其他组织中的表观遗传学，从而降低心脏疾病的风险，并通过运动因子提供心脏保护。深入了解运动对心脏保护作用的表观遗传学机制将为心脏疾病的治疗提供新的靶点。因此，这篇综述旨在使心脏学界了解运动和表观遗传学领域的快速发展和演变。
Exercise induces a profound alteration in epigenetics, which mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. Exercise not only modifies epigenetics in the heart to promote cardiac health, but also modifies epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces risks of cardiac disease or affords cardioprotection through exerkines. Exercise-modulated circulating non-coding RNAs are secreted from multiple tissues and shuttled by exosomes, acting as a new kind of exerkine that plays an important role in cardioprotection. With the rising incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the concomitant mortality and morbidity impose huge burdens on quality of life and societal costs. It is generally accepted that physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for cardiac disease and that exercise benefits the heart in both physiological and pathologic conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the cardioprotective effects exerted by exercise remain incompletely understood. Most recently, an increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic modifications in the promotion of cardiac health and prevention of cardiac disease. Exercise and other lifestyle factors extensively induce epigenetic modifications, including DNA/RNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs in multiple tissues, which may contribute to their positive effects in human health and diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that maternal or paternal exercise prevents age-associated or high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in the offspring, reinforcing the importance of epigenetics in mediating the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been shown that exercise can directly modify cardiac epigenetics to promote cardiac health and protect the heart against various pathological processes, or it can modify epigenetics in other tissues, which reduces the risk of cardiac disease and affords cardioprotection through exerkines. An in-depth understanding of the epigenetic landscape of cardioprotective response to exercise will provide new therapeutic targets for cardiac diseases. This review, therefore, aimed to acquaint the cardiac community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of exercise and epigenetics.
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