Using Tree-Based Machine Learning for Health Studies: Literature Review and Case Series.

Using Tree-Based Machine Learning for Health Studies: Literature Review and Case Series.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijerph192316080
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发表时间:
2022-12-01
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Li, Lihua
Li, Lihua
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hu, Liangyuan;Li, Lihua

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基于树的机器学习方法在统计和数据科学领域获得了广泛的关注。它们已被证明可以为各种研究问题提供比传统分析方法更好的解决方案。为了鼓励在健康研究中采用基于树的方法,我们回顾了三种关键的基于树的机器学习方法的方法学基础:随机森林,极端梯度提升和贝叶斯加性回归树。我们进一步进行了一系列的案例研究,以说明如何正确地使用这些方法来解决重要的健康研究问题,在四个领域:变量选择,因果效应估计,倾向得分加权和缺失数据。我们解释说,这些研究问题的集成树方法的中心思想是通过灵活的建模准确的预测。我们应用集成树方法来选择可切除肿瘤的早期肺癌患者术后呼吸系统并发症的重要预测因素。然后,我们展示了如何使用这些方法来估计流行的手术方法对肺癌患者术后呼吸系统并发症的因果关系。使用相同的数据,我们进一步实施了准确估计逆概率权重的方法,用于手术入路的比较有效性的倾向评分分析。最后,我们展示了如何使用随机森林来估算全国妇女健康研究数据集的缺失数据。总之,基于树的方法是一种灵活的工具,应正确用于健康调查。
Tree-based machine learning methods have gained traction in the statistical and data science fields. They have been shown to provide better solutions to various research questions than traditional analysis approaches. To encourage the uptake of tree-based methods in health research, we review the methodological fundamentals of three key tree-based machine learning methods: random forests, extreme gradient boosting and Bayesian additive regression trees. We further conduct a series of case studies to illustrate how these methods can be properly used to solve important health research problems in four domains: variable selection, estimation of causal effects, propensity score weighting and missing data. We exposit that the central idea of using ensemble tree methods for these research questions is accurate prediction via flexible modeling. We applied ensemble trees methods to select important predictors for the presence of postoperative respiratory complication among early stage lung cancer patients with resectable tumors. We then demonstrated how to use these methods to estimate the causal effects of popular surgical approaches on postoperative respiratory complications among lung cancer patients. Using the same data, we further implemented the methods to accurately estimate the inverse probability weights for a propensity score analysis of the comparative effectiveness of the surgical approaches. Finally, we demonstrated how random forests can be used to impute missing data using the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation data set. To conclude, the tree-based methods are a flexible tool and should be properly used for health investigations.
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