Environmental effects on temperature stress resistance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana.
Environmental effects on temperature stress resistance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0015284
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发表时间：
2010-12-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pflicke C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer K;Dierks A;Franke K;Geister TL;Liszka M;Winter S;Pflicke C
抵御热应力的能力被认为是至关重要的个人健身和物种的生存。因此，生物体需要采用有效的机制来确保在应激热条件下的生存，其中表型可塑性被认为是特别快速和有效的。在一系列的实验中，我们在这里调查的表型调整，在温度胁迫下的蝴蝶Bicyclus anynana的耐环境操纵。较冷的驯化温度相比，一般增加冷，但降低热应激抗性，反之亦然。相比之下，短时间硬化反应揭示了更复杂的模式，例如，在中间硬化温度下的抗冷应力性最高。成年食物应激对热应激有负面影响，但对冷应激抗性没有影响。此外，幼虫喂养处理表现出交互作用与成人喂养的热，但不为冷胁迫抗性，表明含氮的幼虫资源可能会设置一个上限，热应激下的性能。与预期相反，耐寒性在成年后的前八天略有增加。光周期对温度胁迫抗性的影响很小，在白天和活动期，抗寒性往往较高。我们的研究结果强调，温度诱导的塑性提供了一个有效的工具，快速和强烈地调节温度应力抵抗力，这种反应是很容易可逆的。然而，抗性性状不仅受环境温度的影响，还受例如，食物供应和年龄，使其测量具有挑战性。后一种影响在很大程度上尚未得到充分探讨，值得今后给予更多关注。由于其规模，塑料耐热性的反应应纳入模型试图预测全球变化对现存生物多样性的影响。
The ability to withstand thermal stress is considered to be of crucial importance for individual fitness and species' survival. Thus, organisms need to employ effective mechanisms to ensure survival under stressful thermal conditions, among which phenotypic plasticity is considered a particularly quick and effective one. In a series of experiments we here investigate phenotypic adjustment in temperature stress resistance following environmental manipulations in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Cooler compared to warmer acclimation temperatures generally increased cold but decreased heat stress resistance and vice versa. In contrast, short-time hardening responses revealed more complex patterns, with, e.g., cold stress resistance being highest at intermediate hardening temperatures. Adult food stress had a negative effect on heat but not on cold stress resistance. Additionally, larval feeding treatment showed interactive effects with adult feeding for heat but not for cold stress resistance, indicating that nitrogenous larval resources may set an upper limit to performance under heat stress. In contrast to expectations, cold resistance slightly increased during the first eight days of adult life. Light cycle had marginal effects on temperature stress resistance only, with cold resistance tending to be higher during daytime and thus active periods. Our results highlight that temperature-induced plasticity provides an effective tool to quickly and strongly modulate temperature stress resistance, and that such responses are readily reversible. However, resistance traits are not only affected by ambient temperature, but also by, e.g., food availability and age, making their measurement challenging. The latter effects are largely underexplored and deserve more future attention. Owing to their magnitude, plastic responses in thermal tolerance should be incorporated into models trying to forecast effects of global change on extant biodiversity.
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