Propagation of respiratory aerosols by the vuvuzela.
Propagation of respiratory aerosols by the vuvuzela.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020086
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
McNerney R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lai KM;Bottomley C;McNerney R
呜呜祖拉，一种体育迷们使用的塑料吹喇叭，最近在南非世界杯足球赛期间获得了国际认可。我们假设呜呜祖拉可能促进呼吸气溶胶的产生和传播。为了研究乐器演奏时散发出的气溶胶的数量和大小，八名健康的志愿者被要求吹一个呜呜祖拉。对于每一个人，排出的空气中的颗粒浓度是用六通道激光颗粒计数器测量的，并记录了吹出呜呜祖拉的持续时间和空气离开呜呜祖拉的速度。为了与体育赛事中进行的其他活动进行比较，每个人也被要求喊叫，并在使用纸锥限制呼出空气的同时重复测量。对每个个体进行三次测量。平均峰值粒子计数为658×103每升的呜呜祖拉和3.7×103每升的呼喊，代表平均log 10差异为2.20（95%CI：2.03，2.36; p<0.001）。从呜呜祖拉或喊叫中捕获的大多数（>97%）颗粒直径在0.5到5微米之间。呜呜祖拉和喊叫的平均峰值气流分别为每秒6.1和1.8升。我们的结论是，塑料吹喇叭（呜呜祖拉）有能力推动极其大量的气溶胶进入大气中的大小能够穿透下肺。一些呼吸道病原体通过受感染者排放的污染气溶胶传播。还需要进一步的调查来评估呜呜祖拉对气溶胶传播疾病传播的影响。我们建议，作为预防措施，应建议呼吸道感染患者不要在封闭的空间和有感染他人风险的地方吹呜呜祖拉。
Vuvuzelas, the plastic blowing horns used by sports fans, recently achieved international recognition during the FIFA World Cup soccer tournament in South Africa. We hypothesised that vuvuzelas might facilitate the generation and dissemination of respiratory aerosols. To investigate the quantity and size of aerosols emitted when the instrument is played, eight healthy volunteers were asked to blow a vuvuzela. For each individual the concentration of particles in expelled air was measured using a six channel laser particle counter and the duration of blowing and velocity of air leaving the vuvuzela were recorded. To allow comparison with other activities undertaken at sports events each individual was also asked to shout and the measurements were repeated while using a paper cone to confine the exhaled air. Triplicate measurements were taken for each individual. The mean peak particle counts were 658×103 per litre for the vuvuzela and 3.7×103 per litre for shouting, representing a mean log10 difference of 2.20 (95% CI: 2.03,2.36; p<0.001). The majority (>97%) of particles captured from either the vuvuzela or shouting were between 0.5 and 5 microns in diameter. Mean peak airflows recorded for the vuvuzela and shouting were 6.1 and 1.8 litres per second respectively. We conclude that plastic blowing horns (vuvuzelas) have the capacity to propel extremely large numbers of aerosols into the atmosphere of a size able to penetrate the lower lung. Some respiratory pathogens are spread via contaminated aerosols emitted by infected persons. Further investigation is required to assess the potential of the vuvuzela to contribute to the transmission of aerosol borne diseases. We recommend, as a precautionary measure, that people with respiratory infections should be advised not to blow their vuvuzela in enclosed spaces and where there is a risk of infecting others.
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