The domain specificity and generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalizable critical thinking skill.
The domain specificity and generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalizable critical thinking skill.
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信念偏见的领域特殊性和普遍性：寻找可推广的批判性思维技能。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Stanovich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Sá;R. F. West;K. Stanovich
在高度判断任务和三段论推理任务中考察了信念偏向推理的领域特异性和一般性，这两个任务在认知要求上有很大差异。这两项任务的信念偏差指数之间的中度相关性伪造了批判性思维技能领域特异性观点的极端形式。两项认知能力和2项认知去情境化技能的措施呈正相关，在高度判断任务中，先验知识准确地反映了环境的一个方面的信念偏见和负相关，在高度判断任务中，先验知识与环境不一致的信念偏见。同样，认知能力与在三段论推理任务中抵抗先验知识影响的技能有关。认知能力高的参与者能够灵活地使用先前的知识，这取决于它在特定环境中的功效。当关系反映了一个有用的线索时，他们更有可能投射出一种关系，但当信念无效时，他们也不太可能投射出先前的信念。
The domain specificity and generality of belief-biased reasoning was examined across a height judgment task and a syllogistic reasoning task that differed greatly in cognitive requirements. Moderate correlations between belief-bias indices on these 2 tasks falsified an extreme form of the domain specificity view of critical thinking skills. Two measures of cognitive ability and 2 measures of cognitive decontextualization skill were positively correlated with belief bias in a height judgment task where prior knowledge accurately reflected an aspect of the environment and negatively correlated with belief bias in a height judgment task where prior knowledge was incongruent with the environment. Likewise, cognitive ability was associated with skill at resisting the influence of prior knowledge in the syllogistic reasoning task. Participants high in cognitive ability were able to flexibly use prior knowledge, depending upon its efficacy in a particular environment. They were more likely to project a relationship when it reflected a useful cue, but they were also less likely to project a prior belief when the belief was inefficacious.
建设性思维：具有特定组成部分的广泛应对变量。
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Epstein,S;Meier,P
通讯作者：
Meier,P
认知和心理动力学无意识的整合。
DOI：
10.1037//0003-066x.49.8.709
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
The American psychologist
影响因子：
--
作者：
Epstein,S
通讯作者：
Epstein,S