Evolutionary dynamics of giant viruses and their virophages.
Evolutionary dynamics of giant viruses and their virophages.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.600
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wodarz, Dominik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wodarz, Dominik
巨型病毒包含大的基因组，编码许多非典型病毒的蛋白质，在大型病毒工厂中复制，并倾向于感染原生生物。巨型病毒复制工厂反过来会被所谓的病毒噬菌体感染，病毒噬菌体是一种较小的病毒，对巨型病毒复制产生负面影响。一个例子是感染原生棘阿米巴原虫的mimi病毒，它们自己也被病毒噬菌体Sputnik感染。本研究使用数学模型检验了该系统的进化动力学。虽然模型表明，病毒噬菌体种群将进化到越来越高的巨型病毒抑制程度，但它进一步表明，这使得病毒噬菌体种群由于在宽参数范围内的动态不稳定性而容易灭绝。讨论了避免灭绝的意义和条件。另一个有趣的结果是，噬菌体的存在可以从根本上改变巨型病毒的进化过程。据预测，在没有噬菌体的情况下，这种巨型病毒会朝着增加其基本繁殖率的方向进化，但在有噬菌体的情况下，情况恰恰相反。因此，病毒噬细胞不仅可以通过抑制巨型病毒直接使宿主群体受益，还可以通过使巨型病毒向较弱表型进化间接使宿主群体受益。提出了对该模型进行实验验证的建议。
Giant viruses contain large genomes, encode many proteins atypical for viruses, replicate in large viral factories, and tend to infect protists. The giant virus replication factories can in turn be infected by so called virophages, which are smaller viruses that negatively impact giant virus replication. An example is Mimiviruses that infect the protist Acanthamoeba and that are themselves infected by the virophage Sputnik. This study examines the evolutionary dynamics of this system, using mathematical models. While the models suggest that the virophage population will evolve to increasing degrees of giant virus inhibition, it further suggests that this renders the virophage population prone to extinction due to dynamic instabilities over wide parameter ranges. Implications and conditions required to avoid extinction are discussed. Another interesting result is that virophage presence can fundamentally alter the evolutionary course of the giant virus. While the giant virus is predicted to evolve toward increasing its basic reproductive ratio in the absence of the virophage, the opposite is true in its presence. Therefore, virophages can not only benefit the host population directly by inhibiting the giant viruses but also indirectly by causing giant viruses to evolve toward weaker phenotypes. Experimental tests for this model are suggested.
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