An Overview into Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hydrolases and Efforts in Tailoring Enzymes for Improved Plastic Degradation.
An Overview into Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Hydrolases and Efforts in Tailoring Enzymes for Improved Plastic Degradation.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms232012644
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发表时间：
2022-10-20
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
塑料或微塑料污染是影响生态系统的全球性威胁，目前每年的排放量高达400公吨。包括农业用地在内的土壤生态系统充当着微塑料汇的角色，尽管其影响可能出乎意料地更为深远。这是令人不安的，因为大多数塑料形式，如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），由聚合对苯二甲酸（TPA）和乙二醇（EG）单体形成，是不可生物降解的环境污染物。目前使用机械、热和化学处理方法来减少PET废物的方法仍然成本过高，并且可能产生有毒的二次污染物。因此，必须开发更好的修复方法来处理海洋和陆地环境中的塑料污染物。考虑到酶在接近环境的条件下发挥作用而不需要化学物质，酶处理可能是克服塑料污染物的一种可行途径。几种PET水解酶的发现，以及对这些酶的进一步修饰，极大地有助于提高它们降解PET酯键的能力。因此，本文综述了pet降解微生物水解酶及其在减轻环境微塑料方面的作用。本文对PET的分子和降解机制进行了综述，为今后PET水解酶的合理工程设计提供参考。
Plastic or microplastic pollution is a global threat affecting ecosystems, with the current generation reaching as much as 400 metric tons per/year. Soil ecosystems comprising agricultural lands act as microplastics sinks, though the impact could be unexpectedly more far-reaching. This is troubling as most plastic forms, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), formed from polymerized terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) monomers, are non-biodegradable environmental pollutants. The current approach to use mechanical, thermal, and chemical-based treatments to reduce PET waste remains cost-prohibitive and could potentially produce toxic secondary pollutants. Thus, better remediation methods must be developed to deal with plastic pollutants in marine and terrestrial environments. Enzymatic treatments could be a plausible avenue to overcome plastic pollutants, given the near-ambient conditions under which enzymes function without the need for chemicals. The discovery of several PET hydrolases, along with further modification of the enzymes, has considerably aided efforts to improve their ability to degrade the ester bond of PET. Hence, this review emphasizes PET-degrading microbial hydrolases and their contribution to alleviating environmental microplastics. Information on the molecular and degradation mechanisms of PET is also highlighted in this review, which might be useful in the future rational engineering of PET-hydrolyzing enzymes.
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