Obsidian exchange networks and highland-lowland interaction in the Lesser Caucasus borderlands

Obsidian exchange networks and highland-lowland interaction in the Lesser Caucasus borderlands
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小高加索边境地区的黑曜石交换网络和高地-低地相互作用

DOI:
10.1016/j.jasrep.2023.103988
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Smith, Victoria C.
Smith, Victoria C.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L.;Rutter, Matilda;Frahm, Ellery;Jachvliani, Dimitri;Albert, Paul G.;Smith, Victoria C.

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黑曜石来源的研究在近东有很长的历史,但相对较少关注早期青铜器时代之后的黑曜石交换。在这里,我们展示了对111件黑曜石文物的多技术分析,这些文物来自乔治亚州南部Mtsvane Gora出土的青铜晚期和早期铁器时代(LBA-EIA;公元前15 -6世纪)。由于该遗址位于低地库拉山谷,最近的黑曜石产地在南部和西部的高地,因此黑曜石的来源可以作为绘制高地-低地相互作用的代理。通过便携式x射线荧光光谱(pXRF)、电子探针分析(EMPA)和激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析的化学成分,与现有的化学分析地质数据集进行比较,以确定所分析的所有人工制品的来源。结果表明,奇基亚尼(Chikiani)是格鲁吉亚南部高地的一个来源,是90%被分析物体的地质起源。虽然承认黑曜石交换只是高地-低地相互作用的一个方面,但这一发现表明,Mtsvane Gora与邻近高地的联系倾向于与一些高地地区的联系。更一般地说,研究表明高地和低地的地理相邻并不一定意味着它们是高度相互联系的。
Obsidian sourcing studies have a long history in the Near East, but relatively few have focused on obsidian exchange after the Early Bronze Age. Here, we present a multi-technique analysis of an assemblage of 111 obsidian artifacts from excavated Late Bronze and Early Iron Age (LBA-EIA; c. 15th-6th c BCE) contexts at Mtsvane Gora, southern Georgia. Because the site is situated in the lowland Kura Valley and the nearest obsidian sources are in the highlands to the south and west, obsidian provenance can serve as a proxy for mapping highland-lowland interactions. Chemical compositions analyzed via portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (pXRF), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), were compared with existing geological datasets of chemical analyses to identify the source of all but one of the artifacts analyzed. The results show that Chikiani, a source in the highlands of southern Georgia, was the geological origin of >90% of the objects analyzed. While acknowledging that obsidian exchange is just one aspect of highland-lowland interaction, this finding implies that Mtsvane Gora’s connections with the adjacent highlands were skewed towards greater engagement with some highland areas relative to others. More generally, the research suggests that geographic adjacency of highlands and lowlands does not necessarily mean that they were highly interconnected.
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