The transcriptional response of microbial communities in thawing Alaskan permafrost soils.
The transcriptional response of microbial communities in thawing Alaskan permafrost soils.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.00197
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Orsi WD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coolen MJ;Orsi WD
冻土的融化预计将刺激微生物分解和呼吸封存的碳。反过来，这可能会增加大气中二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体的浓度，并对气候变暖产生积极的反馈。最近的宏基因组学研究表明，永久冻土具有很大的碳加工代谢潜力，包括发酵和甲烷生成途径。在这里，我们进行了一项试点研究，使用高通量Illumina HiSeq测序的逆转录信使RNA，以获得一个详细的概述活跃的代谢途径和负责的生物体在长达70厘米深的永久冻土层土壤在潮湿的酸性苔原位置在北极阿拉斯加。比较了解冻11天前后永冻土微生物群落的转录反应。在一般情况下，在冷冻条件下的转录谱表明，占主导地位的应力响应，生存策略，和维护过程中，而解冻后，观察到一个快速的酶反应分解土壤有机质（SOM）。拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、子囊菌门和产甲烷菌负责解冻后最大的转录反应。转录指示异养产甲烷途径利用乙酸，甲醇，甲胺主要是在冻土表解冻后发现。此外，转录参与产乙酸专门解冻后表达，这表明产乙酸细菌是一个潜在的来源，乙酸在新鲜解冻的永久冻土产甲烷。元转录组学在这里被证明是一个有用的方法来推断冻土微生物的活动，有可能提高我们的理解冻土SOM的生物利用度和地球化学机制，有助于温室气体排放的结果，冻土融化。
Thawing of permafrost soils is expected to stimulate microbial decomposition and respiration of sequestered carbon. This could, in turn, increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide and methane, and create a positive feedback to climate warming. Recent metagenomic studies suggest that permafrost has a large metabolic potential for carbon processing, including pathways for fermentation and methanogenesis. Here, we performed a pilot study using ultrahigh throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing of reverse transcribed messenger RNA to obtain a detailed overview of active metabolic pathways and responsible organisms in up to 70 cm deep permafrost soils at a moist acidic tundra location in Arctic Alaska. The transcriptional response of the permafrost microbial community was compared before and after 11 days of thaw. In general, the transcriptional profile under frozen conditions suggests a dominance of stress responses, survival strategies, and maintenance processes, whereas upon thaw a rapid enzymatic response to decomposing soil organic matter (SOM) was observed. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, ascomycete fungi, and methanogens were responsible for largest transcriptional response upon thaw. Transcripts indicative of heterotrophic methanogenic pathways utilizing acetate, methanol, and methylamine were found predominantly in the permafrost table after thaw. Furthermore, transcripts involved in acetogenesis were expressed exclusively after thaw suggesting that acetogenic bacteria are a potential source of acetate for acetoclastic methanogenesis in freshly thawed permafrost. Metatranscriptomics is shown here to be a useful approach for inferring the activity of permafrost microbes that has potential to improve our understanding of permafrost SOM bioavailability and biogeochemical mechanisms contributing to greenhouse gas emissions as a result of permafrost thaw.
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