Science in action or science inaction? Evaluating the implementation of "best available science” in hydropower relicensing

Science in action or science inaction? Evaluating the implementation of "best available science” in hydropower relicensing
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科学在行动还是科学无行动?

DOI:
10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111457
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Zydlewski, Joseph D.
Zydlewski, Joseph D.
中科院分区:
经济学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vogel, Sarah K.;Jansujwicz, Jessica S.;Sponarski, Carly C.;Zydlewski, Joseph D.

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在接下来的二十年里,美国一半的水电项目将需要联邦监管委员会(FERC)重新颁发许可证。重新许可程序调用一系列信息来源,机构监管机构的任务是使用“最佳可用科学”(BAS),对水电运营和管理做出明智的决策。虽然BAS被视为标准,但它并没有得到很好的定义。缅因州的肯纳贝克和佩诺布斯科特河流域提供了一个理想的机会,研究BAS的再许可过程中的鱼类通道的关注。使用引文分析和在线调查,我们确定了信息来源,用于重新许可的决定,在这个系统中的大坝和评估机构的看法BAS。再授权文件(n=62)的分析表明,FERC和持牌文件是高度相似的引文组成。美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的文件通常引用更多的来源,并且引用同行评审来源的可能性是FERC和许可证文件的三倍。调查数据显示,联邦和州机构的受访者(n=49)率同行评议的文献高度BAS,其次是大学,机构和专家的来源,而行业和社区的来源率很低。与州受访者相比,联邦受访者更频繁地使用同行评审/学术来源,而专家来源则较少。总体而言,个人之间对来源估值的一致性很低。所报告的信息使用方面的差异可能与获取某些信息来源,特别是同行评审文献方面的差异有关。加强对信息使用的理解可能有助于确定更明智的再许可决定的途径。
Over the next two decades, half of all hydropower projects in the USA will require relicensing by the Federal Regulatory Commission (FERC). Relicensing proceedings invoke a range of informational sources and agency regulators are tasked with using the “best available science” (BAS) to make informed decisions about hydropower operations and management. Although embraced as the standard, BAS is not well-defined. The Kennebec and Penobscot River watersheds in Maine provide an ideal opportunity for studying BAS in the relicensing process in the context of fish passage concerns. Using citation analysis and an online survey, we identified informational sources used in relicensing decisions for dams in this system and assessed agency perceptions of BAS. Analysis of relicensing documents (n=62) demonstrates that FERC and licensee documents are highly similar in citation composition. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) documents typically cite more sources and are three times more likely to cite peer-reviewed sources than FERC and licensee documents. Survey data reveals that federal and state agency respondents (n=49) rate peer-reviewed literature highly as BAS, followed by university, agency, and expert sources while industry and community sources rate poorly. Federal respondents report using peer-reviewed/academic sources more frequently and expert sources less frequently than state respondents. Overall, the agreement between individuals with respect to the valuation of sources is low. The reported differences in information use may be linked to disparities in the access to certain sources of information, particularly peer-reviewed literature. Enhanced understanding of information use may aid in identifying pathways for better informed relicensing decisions.
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