Catalyzing self-governance: Addressing multi-faceted collective action dilemmas in densely settled agrarian landscapes
Catalyzing self-governance: Addressing multi-faceted collective action dilemmas in densely settled agrarian landscapes
复制标题
促进自治：解决人口稠密的农业景观中多方面的集体行动困境
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
L. German
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. German
本文总结了在东非高地为解决当地突出的自然资源管理挑战而进行的制度创新试点工作的经验教训。在东非高地，密集的人类住区和陡峭的山坡导致相邻土地使用者、土地所有权和财产制度之间的相互作用紧密耦合。在这些异质景观中出现的集体行动问题包括公共池资源困境，以及其他涉及跨越一系列财产制度的共享或交织利益的“公共问题”。通过创造性地将源自长期存在的共同财产制度的设计原则嵌入到促进战略中，通过集体选择安排形成了长期存在的、相对棘手的资源管理挑战（例如害虫管理、侵蚀）的解决方案。解决方案不仅涉及限制访问和为用户投资共享资源创造激励（例如，通过明确的权利和义务分配），还涉及协商创造性的解决方案，使供应与各种形式的利益相匹配，或尽量减少/抵消因努力尽量减少对他人的伤害而产生的损失。这份报纸的贡献有三个方面。首先，它说明了自治不仅是长期存在的共同财产制度的一个特点，而且可能在许多缺乏自治的情况下起到催化作用。它还说明了Ostrom的设计原则在涉及自然资源形式多样性、权属制度和集体行动问题的复杂和异质景观中的适用性。最后，它说明了从制度角度看待传统“技术”挑战的重要性，如土壤侵蚀控制、病虫害管理和农场生物多样性丧失。
This paper summarizes lessons learnt from efforts to pilot institutional innovations to address locally salient natural resource management challenges in the eastern African highlands, where dense human settlement and steep slopes lead to a tight coupling of interactions among adjacent land users, landholdings and property regimes. The collective action problems present in these heterogeneous landscapes include common pool resource dilemmas, as well as other “commons-like problems” involving shared or intertwined interests that cut across a range of property regimes. By creatively embedding design principles derived from long-enduring common property regimes into facilitation strategies, solutions to longstanding, relatively intractable resource management challenges (e.g. pest management, erosion) were forged through collective choice arrangements. Solutions involved not just restricting access and creating incentives for users to invest in a shared resource (e.g., through clear allocation of rights and duties), but negotiating creative solutions to match provisioning with diverse forms of benefit or to minimize/offset losses that would otherwise accrue from efforts to minimize harm to others. The paper’s contributions are threefold. First, it illustrates how self-governance is not just a feature of long-enduring common property regimes, but may be catalyzed in many situations in which it is absent. It also illustrates the applicability of Ostrom’s design principles in a complex and heterogeneous landscapes involving a diversity of natural resource forms, tenure regimes and collective action problems. Finally, it illustrates the crucial importance of bringing an institutional lens to bear on classic “technological” challenges such as soil erosion control, pest management and loss of on-farm biodiversity.
意外后果：肯尼亚北部的野生动物保护和领土冲突
影响因子：
2
作者：
Greiner
通讯作者：
Greiner