Harnessing root architecture to address global challenges.
Harnessing root architecture to address global challenges.
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DOI：
10.1111/tpj.15560
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Lynch, Jonathan P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, Jonathan P.
根结构可以在育种计划中有针对性地发展作物，以更好地捕获水和养分。在富裕国家，这种作物将降低生产成本和环境污染，在发展中国家，它们将改善粮食安全和经济发展。根深的作物将具有更好的气候适应能力，同时还能吸收大气中的二氧化碳。更深的生根，提高水和氮的捕获，促进陡峭的根生长角度，更少的轴向根，减少横向分支，和解剖表型，减少根组织的代谢成本。机械阻抗、缺氧和铝毒性是地下勘探的制约因素。为了改善表土对磷、钾和其他浅层资源的觅食，较浅的根生长角度、更多的轴向根和更大的侧向分枝是有益的，代谢廉价的根也是有益的。在高投入系统中，专注于水捕获的简约根表型可能是有利的。保护性农业的日益普及正在改变耕作土壤的机械阻抗特性，其方式可能有利于能够利用低阻力途径进入底土的塑料根表型。许多低投入系统的根理想型不会对任何一种功能进行优化，但会对一系列生物和非生物挑战具有弹性。根毛，降低代谢成本，可塑性的发育调节可能是有用的，在所有的环境。综合根表型的适应性景观是大而复杂的，因此将受益于计算机工具。了解和利用根系结构改良作物是应对全球挑战的跨学科机会。根结构可以被用来开发具有更好的气候适应能力和减少投入需求的作物，从而改善全球粮食安全，农业可持续性和减缓气候变化。了解和利用根系结构改良作物是应对全球挑战的跨学科机会。
Root architecture can be targeted in breeding programs to develop crops with better capture of water and nutrients. In rich nations, such crops would reduce production costs and environmental pollution and, in developing nations, they would improve food security and economic development. Crops with deeper roots would have better climate resilience while also sequestering atmospheric CO2. Deeper rooting, which improves water and N capture, is facilitated by steeper root growth angles, fewer axial roots, reduced lateral branching, and anatomical phenotypes that reduce the metabolic cost of root tissue. Mechanical impedance, hypoxia, and Al toxicity are constraints to subsoil exploration. To improve topsoil foraging for P, K, and other shallow resources, shallower root growth angles, more axial roots, and greater lateral branching are beneficial, as are metabolically cheap roots. In high‐input systems, parsimonious root phenotypes that focus on water capture may be advantageous. The growing prevalence of Conservation Agriculture is shifting the mechanical impedance characteristics of cultivated soils in ways that may favor plastic root phenotypes capable of exploiting low resistance pathways to the subsoil. Root ideotypes for many low‐input systems would not be optimized for any one function, but would be resilient against an array of biotic and abiotic challenges. Root hairs, reduced metabolic cost, and developmental regulation of plasticity may be useful in all environments. The fitness landscape of integrated root phenotypes is large and complex, and hence will benefit from in silico tools. Understanding and harnessing root architecture for crop improvement is a transdisciplinary opportunity to address global challenges. Root architecture can be harnessed to develop crops with improved climate resilience and reduced input requirements, thereby improving global food security, agricultural sustainability, and climate change mitigation. Understanding and harnessing root architecture for crop improvement is a transdisciplinary opportunity to address global challenges.
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DOI：
10.1080/09640560600601587
发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
9.4
作者：
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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