CLP290 promotes the sedative effects of midazolam in neonatal rats in a KCC2-dependent manner: A laboratory study in rats.

CLP290 promotes the sedative effects of midazolam in neonatal rats in a KCC2-dependent manner: A laboratory study in rats.
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CLP 290以KCC2依赖性方式促进咪达唑仑对新生大鼠的镇静作用:一项大鼠实验室研究。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0248113
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Goto T
Goto T
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Doi A;Miyazaki T;Mihara T;Ikeda M;Niikura R;Andoh T;Goto T

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未成熟神经元主要表达 Na+-K+-2Cl- 协同转运蛋白亚型 1 (NKCC1),而不是 K+-Cl- 协同转运蛋白亚型 2 (KCC2)。未成熟神经元细胞内氯离子浓度([Cl-]i)高于成熟神经元;因此,未成熟神经元中γ-氨基丁酸A型(GABAA)受体的激活不会导致氯离子流入和随后的超极化。在我们之前的工作中,我们发现与成年大鼠相比,苯二氮卓受体激动剂咪达唑仑对新生大鼠的镇静作用较少,布美他尼对 NKCC1 的阻断增强了咪达唑仑对新生大鼠而非成年大鼠诱导的镇静作用。这些结果表明,GABA 受体激活需要 KCC2 优于 NKCC1 才能发挥镇静作用。在本研究中,我们重点研究了一种新型 KCC2 选择性激活剂 CLP290,发现口服 CLP290 后给予 20 mg/kg 咪达唑仑,即使在出生后第 7 天的新生大鼠中,也能显着延长翻正反射潜伏期。相比之下,单独使用 CLP290 则不会产生镇静作用。免疫组织化学显示,咪达唑仑与CLP290联用可减少大脑皮质中磷酸化cAMP反应元件结合蛋白阳性细胞的数量,表明CLP290恢复了咪达唑仑的抑制作用。此外,CLP290和咪达唑仑联合治疗的镇静作用受到KCC2选择性抑制剂VU0463271的抑制,间接表明CLP290的镇静促进作用是由KCC2激活介导的。据我们所知,这项研究是第一份显示 CLP290 对新生儿镇静促进作用的报告,并提供了 CLP290 通过激活 KCC2 恢复 GABA 能药物的镇静作用的行为和组织学证据。我们的数据表明,CLP290的临床应用可能会在咪达唑仑耐药镇静方面提供突破。
Immature neurons dominantly express the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) rather than the K+-Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2). The intracellular chloride ion concentration ([Cl-]i) is higher in immature neurons than in mature neurons; therefore, γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor activation in immature neurons does not cause chloride ion influx and subsequent hyperpolarization. In our previous work, we found that midazolam, benzodiazepine receptor agonist, causes less sedation in neonatal rats compared to adult rats and that NKCC1 blockade by bumetanide enhances the midazolam-induced sedation in neonatal, but not in adult, rats. These results suggest that GABA receptor activation requires the predominance of KCC2 over NKCC1 to exert sedative effects. In this study, we focused on CLP290, a novel KCC2-selective activator, and found that midazolam administration at 20 mg/kg after oral CLP290 intake significantly prolonged the righting reflex latency even in neonatal rats at postnatal day 7. By contrast, CLP290 alone did not exert sedative effects. Immunohistochemistry showed that midazolam combined with CLP290 decreased the number of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that CLP290 reverted the inhibitory effect of midazolam. Moreover, the sedative effect of combined CLP290 and midazolam treatment was inhibited by the administration of the KCC2-selective inhibitor VU0463271, suggesting indirectly that the sedation-promoting effect of CLP290 was mediated by KCC2 activation. To our knowledge, this study is the first report showing the sedation-promoting effect of CLP290 in neonates and providing behavioral and histological evidence that CLP290 reverted the sedative effect of GABAergic drugs through the activation of KCC2. Our data suggest that the clinical application of CLP290 may provide a breakthrough in terms of midazolam-resistant sedation.
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