Double Disadvantage or Golden Age? Immigration, Gender and Economic Opportunity in Later Medieval England
Double Disadvantage or Golden Age? Immigration, Gender and Economic Opportunity in Later Medieval England
复制标题
双重劣势还是黄金时代？
DOI：
10.1111/1468-0424.12454
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Lambert B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambert B
性别和国籍是影响个人经济机会的两个重要类别，而且往往是同时发生的。欧盟统计局提供的数据显示，2017年，在欧盟28个成员国中，本土出生的男性就业率为78.3%，高于外国出生的男性就业率75.9%。本土出生的女性就业率明显低于这两个男性群体，外国出生的妇女的就业率为58.9%，比外国出生的男子和本国出生的妇女的就业率还要低。2这种所谓的“双重歧视”，移民妇女因其性别和国籍而遭受不利影响，这种情况在世界许多其他地方也继续存在。3自1990年代以来，移民、性别和经济机会之间的相互作用也成为越来越多的历史研究的主题。[4]在1992年出版的第一版《移动的欧洲人》中，Leslie Page Moch对1650年至今的欧洲移民进行了概述，她仍然痛惜地说，“在影响移民经历的所有个人特征中，性别也许是最基本的，但最不系统地探讨”。[5] 2003年，当她的综合报告第二版出版时，她已经不得不承认，“许多新的工作......对男女经历的差异很敏感，特别是在研究移徙与劳动力之间的联系时。6.从那时起，这一领域只会进一步扩大。历史学家采用社会科学的框架，在女权主义学术的推动下，探讨了男女移民进入劳动力市场的机会、他们的工作生活和报酬，以及他们与本地工人的关系。7这些研究的大多数揭示的是，在整个历史上，移民妇女的经济模式也不同于移民男子和土著男子和妇女的经济模式。然而，即使经过近30年的研究，这个问题仍然存在大量的空白。虽然关于移民、性别和工作之间联系的研究在19世纪和20世纪已经有了无数，但关于近代早期和中世纪晚期的研究要少得多。
Gender and nationality are two important categories impacting upon individuals’ economic opportunities, often in tandem. Data provided by Eurostat shows that, in 2017, the employment rate among native-born men in the twenty-eight member states of the European Union was higher, at 78.3 per cent, than among foreign-born men, at 75.9 per cent. Native-born women were markedly worse off than both male groups, with a figure of 67.7 per cent. Lower still than the employment rates for foreign-born men and native-born women were those for foreign-born women, at 58.9 per cent. 2 This so-called ‘double disadvantage’, with immigrant women experiencing the adverse consequences of both their gender and nationality, continues to be observed in many other parts of the world as well. 3 Since the 1990s, the interplay between immigration, gender and economic opportunity has also been the subject of a growing number of historical studies. 4 In the first edition of Moving Europeans, her overview of European migration from 1650 to the present, published in 1992, Leslie Page Moch still deplored that ‘of all individual characteristics that influence the migration experience, gender is perhaps the most fundamental but least systematically explored’. 5 By the time the second edition of her synthesis came out, in 2003, she already had to acknowledge that ‘much of the new work... is sensitive to the differences between the experiences of men and women’, particularly when studying the connection between migration and labour. 6 The field has only expanded further ever since. Adopting frameworks from the social sciences and driven by feminist scholarship, historians have explored male and female immigrants’ access to the labour market, their working lives and remuneration, as well as their relationship to native workers. 7 What the majority of these studies has revealed is that, also throughout history, the economic patterns of immigrant women differed from those of immigrant men and those of native men and women. Yet, even after nearly thirty years of scholarship on the subject, substantial lacunae remain. While a myriad of studies on the link between immigration, gender and work are now available for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, much less has been done on the early modern period and later Middle Ages.
登录
查看更多内容
十五世纪的伦敦丝绸妇女
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1933
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Marian K. Dale
通讯作者：
Marian K. Dale
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
P. Stabel
通讯作者：
P. Stabel
感知、身份和文化：重访十五世纪伦敦和南安普敦的意大利社区
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
F. Bruscoli;Jessica Lutkin
通讯作者：
Jessica Lutkin
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e4620
发表时间：
2012-07
期刊：
BMJ : British Medical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Drife
通讯作者：
J. Drife
大雅茅斯的公民选举权和对外国人的监管，c。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Christian D. Liddy;Bart Lambert
通讯作者：
Bart Lambert